2011-08-23
22:10:2012 13:38
AAO part_of NCBITaxon:8353
CARO part_of NCBITaxon:8353
CL part_of NCBITaxon:8353
Drafted by E Segerdell, JB Bowes, N Pollet, and PD Vize BMC Dev Biol. 2008 Sep 25;p.8-92 (PMID:18817563)
OBO-Edit 2.1-beta11
UBERON part_of NCBITaxon:8353
VSAO part_of NCBITaxon:8353
XAO v2.1 update VG Ponferrada, CH James-Zorn, E Segerdell, W Dahdul Oct 2012
lab
xenopus_anatomy
PLURAL
in_subset
term replaced by
definition
has_synonym_type
database_cross_reference
Anatomical Site slim
has_alternative_id
has_obo_namespace
Frequently Used Anatomy slim
Sectional Anatomy Item slim
subset_property
synonym_type_property
has_exact_synonym
has_related_synonym
Organism View slim
consider
treat-xrefs-as-genus-differentia
has_broad_synonym
develops from
develops_from
ends during
Anatomical structure/expression stops being viable, obvious or of utility during this developmental stage.
end_stage
Anatomical structure/expression stops being viable, obvious or of utility during this developmental stage.
XAO:curator
part of
part_of
preceded by
preceded_by
starts during
Anatomical structure/expression begins being viable, obvious or of utility during this developmental stage.
start_stage
Anatomical structure/expression begins being viable, obvious or of utility during this developmental stage.
XAO:curator
Xenopus anatomical entity
XAO:0000000
ectoderm
AAO:0000137
Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.
XAO:0000001
OMD:ectoderm
Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.
fin
AAO:0010374
Surface structure that has an important role in tadpole locomotion. It starts to develop along the trunk and tail of the embryo at the tail bud stage and continues to grow until the start of metamorphosis when it begins to regress. It consists of flattened epidermal cells elevated into a keel-like structure by a supporting core of mesenchyme and extracellular matrix.
XAO:0000002
PMID:15188431
Surface structure that has an important role in tadpole locomotion. It starts to develop along the trunk and tail of the embryo at the tail bud stage and continues to grow until the start of metamorphosis when it begins to regress. It consists of flattened epidermal cells elevated into a keel-like structure by a supporting core of mesenchyme and extracellular matrix.
outer fin
AAO:0010380
Part of the fin consisting of flattened epidermal cells elevated into a keel-like structure.
XAO:0000003
PMID:15188431
Part of the fin consisting of flattened epidermal cells elevated into a keel-like structure.
inner fin
AAO:0010379
Part of the fin consisting of a supporting core of mesenchyme and extracellular matrix.
XAO:0000004
PMID:15188431
Part of the fin consisting of a supporting core of mesenchyme and extracellular matrix.
olfactory placode
A thick plate of cells derived from the neural ectoderm in the head region of the embryo that develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.
AAO:0011076
XAO:0000005
nasal placode
A thick plate of cells derived from the neural ectoderm in the head region of the embryo that develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.
NLM:olfactory+placode
otic vesicle
AAO:0011080
The saccular invagination of ectoderm from which the vertebrate inner ear develops.
XAO:0000006
XAO:0000184
ear
ear vesicle
The saccular invagination of ectoderm from which the vertebrate inner ear develops.
UBERON:0003051
lower eyelid
A surface structure consisting of a set of membranes that cover and protect the eye.
AAO:0010349
XAO:0000007
A surface structure consisting of a set of membranes that cover and protect the eye.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frog
lens
AAO:0010348
Transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina.
XAO:0000008
Transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina.
WIKI:Lens_(anatomy)
retina
AAO:0010352
Sensory membrane that lines the posterior chamber of the eye and functions as the immediate instrument of vision by receiving the image formed by the lens and converting it into chemical and nervous signals which reach the brain by way of the optic nerve.
XAO:0000009
NLM:retina
Sensory membrane that lines the posterior chamber of the eye and functions as the immediate instrument of vision by receiving the image formed by the lens and converting it into chemical and nervous signals which reach the brain by way of the optic nerve.
brain
AAO:0010478
Organ that is a component of the central nervous system and is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses. It appears when the neural tube segregates in forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain at NF stage 22. The general pattern of the brain has been mainly established at NF stage 28. Yolky material is consumed and the fibre tracts and later the commissures develop. In general all of its parts are well developed at NF stage 53 and later development consists mainly of growth and some further cytological differentiation. In the period of metamorphosis only topographical changes take place.
XAO:0000010
ISBN:0815318960
OMD:brain
Organ that is a component of the central nervous system and is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses. It appears when the neural tube segregates in forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain at NF stage 22. The general pattern of the brain has been mainly established at NF stage 28. Yolky material is consumed and the fibre tracts and later the commissures develop. In general all of its parts are well developed at NF stage 53 and later development consists mainly of growth and some further cytological differentiation. In the period of metamorphosis only topographical changes take place.
forebrain
AAO:0010147
The part of the brain that is the anterior of its three primary divisions and that includes the telencephalon and diencephalon.
XAO:0000011
prosencephalon
NLM:forebrain
The part of the brain that is the anterior of its three primary divisions and that includes the telencephalon and diencephalon.
telencephalon
AAO:0010479
Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres.
XAO:0000012
AAO:0010479
Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres.
diencephalon
AAO:0010481
The more posterior and ventral of two forebrain neuromeres, the other being the telencephalon; major derivatives are the eye vescile, the brain pretectal region, the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus (including the habenula and epiphysis).
XAO:0000013
The more posterior and ventral of two forebrain neuromeres, the other being the telencephalon; major derivatives are the eye vescile, the brain pretectal region, the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus (including the habenula and epiphysis).
XAO:curator
midbrain
AAO:0010149
Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region.
XAO:0000014
mesencephalon
AAO:0010149
Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region.
hindbrain
AAO:0010150
The part of the brain that is the posterior of its three primary divisions.
XAO:0000015
rhombencephalon
NLM:hindbrain
The part of the brain that is the posterior of its three primary divisions.
midbrain-hindbrain boundary
AAO:0011064
MHB
The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
XAO:0000016
isthmic organizer territory
isthmus
GO:0021555
The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
hypophysis
An endocrine gland, located ventral to the diencephalon, that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.
XAO:0000017
XAO:0000161
ZFA:0000118
pituitary
pituitary gland
An endocrine gland, located ventral to the diencephalon, that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.
UBERON:0000007
genital ridge
AAO:0011047
Portion of tissue that is the precursor to the gonads.
XAO:0000018
Portion of tissue that is the precursor to the gonads.
WIKI:Gonadal_ridge
spinal cord
AAO:0010151
Elongated, approximately cylindrical part of the central nervous system that lies in the vertebral canal and from which the spinal nerves emerge.
XAO:0000020
Elongated, approximately cylindrical part of the central nervous system that lies in the vertebral canal and from which the spinal nerves emerge.
OMD:spinal+cord
ventricular zone
AAO:0011112
Proliferative region that is part of the ventricular system of the brain.
XAO:0000021
Proliferative region that is part of the ventricular system of the brain.
VHOG:0001224
roof plate
AAO:0011097
Organizing center located at the dorsal midline of the neural tube that influences the development of the nervous system, controlling the specification and differentiation of dorsal neuronal cell types.
XAO:0000022
roofplate
spinal cord roof
Organizing center located at the dorsal midline of the neural tube that influences the development of the nervous system, controlling the specification and differentiation of dorsal neuronal cell types.
PMID:15378040
skin
AAO:0000239
Surface structure that consists of the external membranous integument of the animal.
XAO:0000023
integument
OMD:skin
Surface structure that consists of the external membranous integument of the animal.
mandibular crest
The most anterior of the migrating cranial neural crest streams, running along the posterior edge of the eye primordium, and in later stages, below the eye and to the border of the cement gland. The mandibular stream is the first to initiate CNC cell migration.
XAO:0000024
PMID:21490068
The most anterior of the migrating cranial neural crest streams, running along the posterior edge of the eye primordium, and in later stages, below the eye and to the border of the cement gland. The mandibular stream is the first to initiate CNC cell migration.
hyoid crest
The second most anterior of the migrating cranial neural crests streams, hyoid crest lays between the mandibular and anterior branchial crest streams.
XAO:0000025
ZFA:0007065
hyoid neural crest
PMID:21490068
The second most anterior of the migrating cranial neural crests streams, hyoid crest lays between the mandibular and anterior branchial crest streams.
branchial crest
The most posterior segments of the population of migratory cells of the cranial neural crest, contributing to the branchial arches 3 and 4. Branchial crest cells migrate in two distinct streams referred to as the anterior and posterior branchial crest.
XAO:0000026
The most posterior segments of the population of migratory cells of the cranial neural crest, contributing to the branchial arches 3 and 4. Branchial crest cells migrate in two distinct streams referred to as the anterior and posterior branchial crest.
XAO:CJZ
cranial ganglion
Ganglion that is located in the head.
XAO:0000027
ZFA:0000013
cranial ganglia
Ganglion that is located in the head.
ZFA:0000013
cranial ganglia
epidermis
AAO:0000143
The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast.
XAO:0000028
skin
AAO:0000143
The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast.
epidermis outer layer
The outermost layer of the epidermis, the multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm.
XAO:0000029
ZFA:0001185
epidermis epithelial layer
periderm
The outermost layer of the epidermis, the multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm.
XAO:curator
vitelline membrane
AAO:0010332
Thin membrane enclosing and immediately adjacent to the ovum. Produced in the ovary. The membrane enveloping the egg or oocyte; lies immediately outside the plasmalemma; formed while the oocyte is in the ovary; separates from the egg to form the fertilization membrane.
XAO:0000030
AAO:0010332
Thin membrane enclosing and immediately adjacent to the ovum. Produced in the ovary. The membrane enveloping the egg or oocyte; lies immediately outside the plasmalemma; formed while the oocyte is in the ovary; separates from the egg to form the fertilization membrane.
XAO:curator
ciliated epidermal cell
Cell type that has motile cilia and populates the skin of the embryo, arranged in the surface layer of the non-neural ectoderm in an ordered distribution.
XAO:0000031
ciliated cell
Cell type that has motile cilia and populates the skin of the embryo, arranged in the surface layer of the non-neural ectoderm in an ordered distribution.
PMID:10518489
stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium
An anterior thickening of the sensorial layer of ectoderm, just above the cement gland. The hypophyseal layer separates from the stomodeal layer at NF stage 29 and 30, and when contacted by a protrusion of the foregut, the stomodeal layer will rupture to form the mouth opening at NF stage 39 and 40.
XAO:0000032
An anterior thickening of the sensorial layer of ectoderm, just above the cement gland. The hypophyseal layer separates from the stomodeal layer at NF stage 29 and 30, and when contacted by a protrusion of the foregut, the stomodeal layer will rupture to form the mouth opening at NF stage 39 and 40.
XAO:curator
cement gland
A simple mucus-secreting structure that is positioned at the front of the embryo, attaches the newly hatched embryo to a support before the hatchling can swim well or feed, and marks the anterior-most dorsal ectoderm.
AAO:0010373
XAO:0000033
A simple mucus-secreting structure that is positioned at the front of the embryo, attaches the newly hatched embryo to a support before the hatchling can swim well or feed, and marks the anterior-most dorsal ectoderm.
PMID:8787748
hatching gland
A Y-shaped array of unicelluar glands on the top of a head, the open end of the Y faces anteriorly, that secrete an enzyme that dissolves or weakens the egg jelly and facilitates hatching. Presumptive cells of the hatching gland are present by the end of gastrualtion ( NF stage 12.5) and differentiated cells start to form after neurulation is complete (NF stage 21).
AAO:0011050
XAO:0000034
frontal gland
A Y-shaped array of unicelluar glands on the top of a head, the open end of the Y faces anteriorly, that secrete an enzyme that dissolves or weakens the egg jelly and facilitates hatching. Presumptive cells of the hatching gland are present by the end of gastrualtion ( NF stage 12.5) and differentiated cells start to form after neurulation is complete (NF stage 21).
XAO:curator
zygote
CL:0000365
Cell resulting from the fusion of male and female gametes at fertilization.
XAO:0000035
fertilized egg
Cell resulting from the fusion of male and female gametes at fertilization.
OMD:zygote
animal cap
AAO:0010463
Ectodermal roof of the blastocoel.
XAO:0000036
animal ectoderm
Ectodermal roof of the blastocoel.
XAO:curator
animal cap inner layer
AAO:0010464
Sensorial layer of blastocoel roof ectoderm.
XAO:0000037
Sensorial layer of blastocoel roof ectoderm.
XAO:curator
animal cap outer layer
AAO:0010465
Superficial layer of blastocoel roof ectoderm.
XAO:0000038
Superficial layer of blastocoel roof ectoderm.
XAO:curator
anatomical site
XAO:0000039
XAO:0003186
true
head region
The anterior most third of the embryo, from the development of the head outgrowth at NF stage 21.
XAO:0000040
The anterior most third of the embryo, from the development of the head outgrowth at NF stage 21.
XAO:curator
epidermis inner layer
A distinct layer of the epidermal cells beneath the outermost layer of epidermis, the multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm.
XAO:0000041
epidermis sensorial layer
stratum germinativum
A distinct layer of the epidermal cells beneath the outermost layer of epidermis, the multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm.
XAO:curator
neuroectoderm
AAO:0011074
Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue.
XAO:0000042
neural ectoderm
neurectoderm
presumptive central nervous system
Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue.
NLM:neuroectoderm
neuroectoderm outer layer
Superficial neuroectoderm layer consisting of horizontally flattened, pigmented cells.
XAO:0000043
PMID:2642003
Superficial neuroectoderm layer consisting of horizontally flattened, pigmented cells.
neuroectoderm inner layer
Deep neuroectoderm layer consisting of densely packed, cylindrical, unpigmented cells.
XAO:0000044
Deep neuroectoderm layer consisting of densely packed, cylindrical, unpigmented cells.
PMID:2642003
pre-chordal neural plate
AAO:0011084
The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction.
XAO:0000045
anterior neural plate
The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction.
XAO:curator
chordal neural plate
The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction.
XAO:0000046
posterior neural plate
The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction.
XAO:curator
notoplate
Region of the neural plate overlying the notochord.
XAO:0000047
Region of the neural plate overlying the notochord.
http://www.encyclo.co.uk/define/Notoplate
neural crest
A group of ectoderm cells that delaminate from the area between the neuroectoderm/non-neural ectoderm domains. They undergo epithelial-to-mesenchemal tranformation (EMT) and migrate to give several different lineages of adult cells. Originating from different positions along the anterior-posterior axis, they develop into various tissues. These regions of neural crest can be divided into five main functional domains, which include the cranial, trunk, vagal and sacral neural crest, and cardiac neural crest. Neural crest cells are considered multipotent, and as they have the limited capacity for self renewal, they are regarded as stem-cell like.
AAO:0010578
NC
XAO:0000048
neural crest material
A group of ectoderm cells that delaminate from the area between the neuroectoderm/non-neural ectoderm domains. They undergo epithelial-to-mesenchemal tranformation (EMT) and migrate to give several different lineages of adult cells. Originating from different positions along the anterior-posterior axis, they develop into various tissues. These regions of neural crest can be divided into five main functional domains, which include the cranial, trunk, vagal and sacral neural crest, and cardiac neural crest. Neural crest cells are considered multipotent, and as they have the limited capacity for self renewal, they are regarded as stem-cell like.
AAO:0010578
XAO:CJZ
cement gland primordium
The thickening of the epithelial layer of the ectoderm, with corresponding dark pigmentation, on the anterior dorso-ventral surface of the embryo.
XAO:0000049
adhesive organ primordium
cement gland
cement gland anlage
ISBN:0-07-017977-8
The thickening of the epithelial layer of the ectoderm, with corresponding dark pigmentation, on the anterior dorso-ventral surface of the embryo.
mesoderm
AAO:0000304
Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryo's germ layers.
XAO:0000050
mesodermal mantle
OMD:mesoderm
Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryo's germ layers.
dorsal aorta
AAO:0011029
Principal unpaired, median artery of the trunk, extending into the tail as the caudal artery.
XAO:0000051
aorta dorsalis
ISBN:0-226-55763-4
Principal unpaired, median artery of the trunk, extending into the tail as the caudal artery.
cardinal vein
AAO:0011022
The paired main vein, departing from the sinus venous, the fused heart primordium, it runs posteriorly down length of the embryo.
XAO:0000052
The paired main vein, departing from the sinus venous, the fused heart primordium, it runs posteriorly down length of the embryo.
XAO:curator
head mesoderm
AAO:0011051
The mesoderm of the head.
XAO:0000053
The mesoderm of the head.
XAO:curator
trunk region
The anatomical region of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.
XAO:0000054
The anatomical region of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.
XAO:EJS
notochord
A longitudinal flexible rod of cells that in the embryo forms the supporting axis of the body. It degenerates, beginning anteriorly, at NF stage 46. Its posterior portion is greatly reduced by NF stage 55 and the entire structure is gone by NF stage 65.
VSAO:0000032
XAO:0000055
A longitudinal flexible rod of cells that in the embryo forms the supporting axis of the body. It degenerates, beginning anteriorly, at NF stage 46. Its posterior portion is greatly reduced by NF stage 55 and the entire structure is gone by NF stage 65.
ISBN:0815318960
NLM:notochord
hypochord
AAO:0000733
Transient structure that lies immediately ventral to the notochord in the embryo, likely required for the formation of the dorsal aorta. A slight depression marks the future hypochord at NF stage 20 and its segregation from the dorsal endoderm begins at NF stage 24. It progresses from anterior to posterior and is complete by NF stage 28. At NF stage 32 it is present as a dorso-laterally flattened ribbon of yolk-laden cells. It degenerates by apoptosis and by NF stage 43 is no longer detectable as a distinct structure.
XAO:0000056
ipochord
subnotochordal rod
ISBN:0815318960
PMID:10648245
Transient structure that lies immediately ventral to the notochord in the embryo, likely required for the formation of the dorsal aorta. A slight depression marks the future hypochord at NF stage 20 and its segregation from the dorsal endoderm begins at NF stage 24. It progresses from anterior to posterior and is complete by NF stage 28. At NF stage 32 it is present as a dorso-laterally flattened ribbon of yolk-laden cells. It degenerates by apoptosis and by NF stage 43 is no longer detectable as a distinct structure.
PMID:10648245
subnotochordal rod
presomitic mesoderm
AAO:0011086
Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form.
XAO:0000057
somitogenic mesoderm
UBERON:0003059
Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form.
somite
AAO:0010569
Any of the approximately 45 bilaterally paired blocks of mesoderm cells, lying on either side of the notochord and neural tube, and forming sequentially starting at the head during development of the embryo. Together they give rise to the axial skeleton (from the sclerotome), associated musculature (from the myotome), and dermis (from the dermatome).
XAO:0000058
somites
somitic mesoderm
Any of the approximately 45 bilaterally paired blocks of mesoderm cells, lying on either side of the notochord and neural tube, and forming sequentially starting at the head during development of the embryo. Together they give rise to the axial skeleton (from the sclerotome), associated musculature (from the myotome), and dermis (from the dermatome).
OMD:somite
XAO:curator
somites
pronephros
XAO:0000059
XAO:0002000
true
pronephric capsule
XAO:0000061
XAO:0000318
true
nephrostome
AAO:0011069
The opening of the pronephros into the body cavity.
XAO:0000062
GO:0039018
The opening of the pronephros into the body cavity.
pronephric duct
AAO:0011088
Duct which drains the pronephros and connects it to the cloaca.
Wolffian duct
XAO:0000063
connecting tubule
nephric duct
Duct which drains the pronephros and connects it to the cloaca.
PMID:8365571
heart
AAO:0010210
Internal, blood-pumping circulatory system organ ultimately composed of three chambers (two atria and one ventricle) and occupying a ventral position within the chest of the mature tadpole/frog.
XAO:0000064
AAO:0010210
Internal, blood-pumping circulatory system organ ultimately composed of three chambers (two atria and one ventricle) and occupying a ventral position within the chest of the mature tadpole/frog.
PMID:17194606
myocardium
AAO:0010410
The middle layer of the heart, consisting of cardiac muscle.
XAO:0000065
cardiac muscle
AAO:0010410
The middle layer of the heart, consisting of cardiac muscle.
endocardium
AAO:0010408
Part of the heart composed of thin serous membrane and endothelial tissue, that lines the interior of the heart.
XAO:0000066
AAO:0010408
Part of the heart composed of thin serous membrane and endothelial tissue, that lines the interior of the heart.
ventral blood island
AAO:0011006
Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates.
VBI
XAO:0000067
blood island
ventral lateral plate mesoderm
PMID:9618755
Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates.
marginal zone
AAO:0010448
Region of intermediate pigmentation between the pigmented animal hemisphere and the unpigmented vegetal hemisphere of the egg.
XAO:0000068
Region of intermediate pigmentation between the pigmented animal hemisphere and the unpigmented vegetal hemisphere of the egg.
http://worms.zoology.wisc.edu/frogs/glossary.html
ventral marginal zone
AAO:0010453
Embryonic tissue region that will make the ventral mesoderm.
VMZ
XAO:0000069
Embryonic tissue region that will make the ventral mesoderm.
XAO:EJS
ventro-lateral marginal zone
AAO:0010454
Region of the marginal zone extending from the ventral to lateral surface.
XAO:0000070
Region of the marginal zone extending from the ventral to lateral surface.
XAO:EJS
dorso-lateral marginal zone
AAO:0010450
Region of the marginal zone extending from the dorsal to lateral surface.
XAO:0000071
Region of the marginal zone extending from the dorsal to lateral surface.
XAO:EJS
dorsal marginal zone
AAO:0010449
DMZ
Marginal zone that is a key embryonic tissue region of the early gastrula stage embryo and that houses the Spemann-Mangold organizer.
Spemann organizer
XAO:0000072
organizer
Marginal zone that is a key embryonic tissue region of the early gastrula stage embryo and that houses the Spemann-Mangold organizer.
PMID:17368611
DMZ
PMID:17368611
deep (mesenchymal) layer
XAO:0000073
true
involuting marginal zone
AAO:0010451
IMZ
Portion of the marginal zone of the embryo that turns inside the embryo during involution.
XAO:0000074
Portion of the marginal zone of the embryo that turns inside the embryo during involution.
http://worms.zoology.wisc.edu/frogs/glossary.html
involuting marginal zone mesenchymal layer
Deep layers of the IMZ consisting of prospective migrating mesodermal cells (which will migrate into the interior and form the leading edge of the mesodermal mantle) and prospective converging and extending mesoderm.
XAO:0000075
deep involuting marginal zone
Deep layers of the IMZ consisting of prospective migrating mesodermal cells (which will migrate into the interior and form the leading edge of the mesodermal mantle) and prospective converging and extending mesoderm.
ISBN:0123646200
involuting marginal zone epithelial layer
Layer of prospective endoderm in the IMZ that will form the roof of the archenteron.
XAO:0000076
superficial involuting marginal zone
ISBN:0123646200
Layer of prospective endoderm in the IMZ that will form the roof of the archenteron.
bottle cell
Cell type that is first to migrate inwards at the blastopore during gastrulation.
XAO:0000077
Cell type that is first to migrate inwards at the blastopore during gastrulation.
OMD:bottle+cell
blastopore lip
AAO:0010455
The edge of the blastopore. Local invagination is caused by narrowing of bottle cells at the exterior edge of the blastula.
XAO:0000078
ISBN:0-387-53740-6
The edge of the blastopore. Local invagination is caused by narrowing of bottle cells at the exterior edge of the blastula.
prechordal plate
AAO:0011085
Mesodermal structure that lies anterior to the notochord and gives rise to head mesoderm.
XAO:0000079
head mesoderm
Mesodermal structure that lies anterior to the notochord and gives rise to head mesoderm.
VHOG:0000086
forelimb region
The region from which the forelimb develops, first recognizable at NF stage 48, and distinct by NF stage 49.
XAO:0000080
fore limb region
The region from which the forelimb develops, first recognizable at NF stage 48, and distinct by NF stage 49.
XAO:curator
hindlimb region
The region from which the hindlimb develops, first recognizable as a slight concentration of mesenchymal cells dorsal and lateral to the anal tube at NF stage 43. The epidermal layers thicken dramatically through to NF stage 48, and become vascularised by NF stage 49.
XAO:0000081
hind limb region
The region from which the hindlimb develops, first recognizable as a slight concentration of mesenchymal cells dorsal and lateral to the anal tube at NF stage 43. The epidermal layers thicken dramatically through to NF stage 48, and become vascularised by NF stage 49.
XAO:curator
circumblastoporal collar
Embryonic structure that develops around the closed blastopore.
XAO:0000082
circumblastoporal region
Embryonic structure that develops around the closed blastopore.
PMID:22138030
involuted dorsal mesoderm
Dorsal mesoderm that has grown and curled inward during gastrulation.
XAO:0000083
Dorsal mesoderm that has grown and curled inward during gastrulation.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/involution
involuted ventral mesoderm
Ventral mesoderm that has grown and curled inward during gastrulation.
XAO:0000084
Ventral mesoderm that has grown and curled inward during gastrulation.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/involution
intermediate mesoderm
AAO:0010575
Mesoderm between somite and lateral plate. Traditionally thought to give rise to the urogenital system.
XAO:0000085
lateral plate mesoderm
AAO:0010575
Mesoderm between somite and lateral plate. Traditionally thought to give rise to the urogenital system.
ciliary marginal zone
AAO:0010342
The region at the periphery of the retina where retinal stem cells are located. It is spatially ordered with respect to cellular development and differentiation, with the youngest and least-determined stem cells closest to the periphery, the proliferative retinoblasts in the middle, and postmitotic cells at the central edge.
XAO:0000086
PMID:15844194
The region at the periphery of the retina where retinal stem cells are located. It is spatially ordered with respect to cellular development and differentiation, with the youngest and least-determined stem cells closest to the periphery, the proliferative retinoblasts in the middle, and postmitotic cells at the central edge.
tail region
The anatomical region of the body posterior to the tail.
XAO:0000087
The anatomical region of the body posterior to the tail.
XAO:EJS
upper blastopore lip
AAO:0010457
Dorsal part of the blastopore lip, which forms as a result of the contraction of bottle cells.
XAO:0000088
dorsal blastopore lip
Dorsal part of the blastopore lip, which forms as a result of the contraction of bottle cells.
XAO:EJS
lower blastopore lip
AAO:0010456
Ventral part of the blastopore lip, which forms as a result of the contraction of bottle cells.
XAO:0000089
ventral blastopore lip
Ventral part of the blastopore lip, which forms as a result of the contraction of bottle cells.
XAO:EJS
endoderm
AAO:0000139
Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut.
XAO:0000090
entoderm
OMD:endoderm
Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut.
head endoderm
The endoderm of the head.
XAO:0000091
The endoderm of the head.
XAO:curator
archenteron
AAO:0010430
The cavity of the gastrula forming a primitive gut. At NF stage 20-21 its wide canal becomes dorso-ventrally compressed and narrowed in the future trunk region so that a subdivision into a foregut, a midgut and a hindgut with protruding endodermal mass becomes manifest.
XAO:0000092
gastrocoel
ISBN:0815318960
NLM:archenteron
The cavity of the gastrula forming a primitive gut. At NF stage 20-21 its wide canal becomes dorso-ventrally compressed and narrowed in the future trunk region so that a subdivision into a foregut, a midgut and a hindgut with protruding endodermal mass becomes manifest.
archenteron floor
AAO:0010431
The layer of cells forming the ventral surface of the archenteron space of the embryo.
XAO:0000093
PMID:17540356
The layer of cells forming the ventral surface of the archenteron space of the embryo.
archenteron roof
AAO:0010432
The layer of cells forming the dorsal surface of the archenteron space of the embryo.
XAO:0000094
gastrocoel roof
PMID:17540356
The layer of cells forming the dorsal surface of the archenteron space of the embryo.
lateral line system
AAO:0000975
Sensory system that has as it parts the sense organs that detect vibrations carried through water, develops during late tailbud stage, and persists in the adult bearing elaborate dorsal and ventral components. It develops from a specialized series of dorsolateral ectodermal placodes named lateral line placodes.
XAO:0000095
lateral line stitches
lateral-line organs
AAO:0000975
ISBN:0471209627
ISBN:0815318960
Sensory system that has as it parts the sense organs that detect vibrations carried through water, develops during late tailbud stage, and persists in the adult bearing elaborate dorsal and ventral components. It develops from a specialized series of dorsolateral ectodermal placodes named lateral line placodes.
pharyngeal arch
One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.
VSAO:0000149
XAO:0000096
pharyngeal arches
visceral arch
NLM:branchial+arch
One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.
pharyngeal arches
mandibular arch
AAO:0010364
The first of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.
XAO:0000097
first visceral arch
The first of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.
XAO:EJS
hyoid arch
AAO:0010363
The second of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.
XAO:0000098
second visceral arch
The second of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.
XAO:EJS
branchial arch
AAO:0010362
The pharyngeal arches (which develop into the branchial arches) are anlage for a multitude of structures. Each pharyngeal arch has a cartilaginous stick, a muscle component which differentiates from the cartilaginous tissue, an artery, and a cranial nerve. Each of these is surrounded by mesenchyme. Arches do not develop simultaneously, but instead possess a \"staggered\" development.
XAO:0000099
branchial arches
ISBN:0-02-377110-0
The pharyngeal arches (which develop into the branchial arches) are anlage for a multitude of structures. Each pharyngeal arch has a cartilaginous stick, a muscle component which differentiates from the cartilaginous tissue, an artery, and a cranial nerve. Each of these is surrounded by mesenchyme. Arches do not develop simultaneously, but instead possess a \"staggered\" development.
branchial arches
cardiovascular system
AAO:0011001
Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels.
XAO:0000100
Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels.
BTO:0000088
liver diverticulum
AAO:0011057
An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Its anterior portion gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile duct.
XAO:0000101
An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Its anterior portion gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile duct.
UBERON:0008835
visceral pouch 1
AAO:0011114
First of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
XAO:0000102
first visceral pouch
First of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
ISBN:0-226-55763-4
midgut
Middle subdivision of the digestive tract. The midgut is the portion of the embryo from which most of the intestines develop. After it bends around the superior mesenteric artery, it is often referred to as the \"midgut loop\". It comprises the portion of the alimentary canal from the end of the foregut at the opening of the bile duct to the hindgut, about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon.
UBERON:0001045
XAO:0000103
Middle subdivision of the digestive tract. The midgut is the portion of the embryo from which most of the intestines develop. After it bends around the superior mesenteric artery, it is often referred to as the \"midgut loop\". It comprises the portion of the alimentary canal from the end of the foregut at the opening of the bile duct to the hindgut, about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon.
UBERON:0001045
XAO:curator
hindgut
AAO:0011052
Posterior subdivision of the digestive tract. The posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the large intestine and cloaca.
XAO:0000104
Posterior subdivision of the digestive tract. The posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the large intestine and cloaca.
UBERON:0001046
XAO:curator
pharyngeal cavity
AAO:0010435
The space enclosed by the walls of the pharynx.
XAO:0000105
BTO:0002097
The space enclosed by the walls of the pharynx.
post-anal gut
A temporary extension of the embryonic gut caudal to the cloaca.
AAO:0010437
XAO:0000106
A temporary extension of the embryonic gut caudal to the cloaca.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gut
tail bud
AAO:0011104
Rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo. Its formation is reflected in a caudal carving of the posterior portion of the archenteric canal at NF stage 22. With its further outgrowth, the postanal gut primordium becomes stretched. Its lumen is in broad communication with the hindgut at NF stage 25.
XAO:0000107
tailbud
ISBN:0815318960
OMD:tail+bud
Rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo. Its formation is reflected in a caudal carving of the posterior portion of the archenteric canal at NF stage 22. With its further outgrowth, the postanal gut primordium becomes stretched. Its lumen is in broad communication with the hindgut at NF stage 25.
chordoneural hinge
CNH
The anterior limit of the neurenteric canal, which connects the post-anal gut with the central canal of the spinal chord. It is formed from a population of cells derived from the dorsal lip of the late gastrula, and has been shown to be important in tail development.
UBERON:0007097
XAO:0000108
chordo neural hinge
ISBN:0-7623-0285-2
PMID:11404094
PMID:7916680
The anterior limit of the neurenteric canal, which connects the post-anal gut with the central canal of the spinal chord. It is formed from a population of cells derived from the dorsal lip of the late gastrula, and has been shown to be important in tail development.
posterior wall of neurenteric canal
Structure formed by the ventral movement of the proctodeum anlage, which results in the shifting of the circumblastoral collar lateral walls to the posterior end of the embryo.
XAO:0000109
posterior wall of NEC
PMID:7916680
Structure formed by the ventral movement of the proctodeum anlage, which results in the shifting of the circumblastoral collar lateral walls to the posterior end of the embryo.
glomeral mesenchyme
Portion of tissue that consists of the precursors of the pronephric glomus or glomerulus; derived from the medial portion of the pronephric intermediate mesoderm.
XAO:0000110
corpuscle
glomerulus
ISBN:0815318960
Portion of tissue that consists of the precursors of the pronephric glomus or glomerulus; derived from the medial portion of the pronephric intermediate mesoderm.
germ cell
CL:0000586
Cell type that is involved in the reproduction of the organism.
XAO:0000111
germ cells
germ line cell
germ line cells
germ cells
germ line cells
Cell type that is involved in the reproduction of the organism.
XAO:curator
embryo
AAO:0011035
Anatomical entity that comprises the animal in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems.
XAO:0000113
Anatomical entity that comprises the animal in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems.
BTO:0000379
artery
AAO:0010211
Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the heart through the body.
XAO:0000114
Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the heart through the body.
NLM:artery
vein
AAO:0010212
Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart.
XAO:0000115
Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart.
NLM:vein
capillary
AAO:0010252
Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules.
XAO:0000116
Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules.
NLM:capillary
respiratory system
AAO:0000541
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs involved in breathing in respiration (breathing).
XAO:0000117
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs involved in breathing in respiration (breathing).
OMD:respiratory+apparatus
trachea
AAO:0010140
An elongated tube which carries air to and from the lungs.
XAO:0000118
AAO:0010140
An elongated tube which carries air to and from the lungs.
lung
AAO:0010567
Either of two organs which allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.
XAO:0000119
AAO:0010567
Either of two organs which allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.
external gill
AAO:0010174
The primary respiration organ in some species of tadpoles, whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial for effective gas exchange.
XAO:0000120
gill
The primary respiration organ in some species of tadpoles, whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial for effective gas exchange.
XAO:curator
bronchus
A passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs.
AAO:0010524
XAO:0000121
bronchial tube
A passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs.
XAO:curator
hematological system
<new synonym>haematopoietic system
AAO:0011002
Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues.
XAO:0000122
haematological system
hematopoietic system
Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues.
OMD:haematological
bone marrow
AAO:0011007
Flexible tissue found in the hollow interior of bones. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells.
XAO:0000123
Flexible tissue found in the hollow interior of bones. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells.
UBERON:0002371
blood
AAO:0000046
The fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins carrying nourishment and oxygen to and bringing away waste products from all parts of the animal.
XAO:0000124
NLM:blood
The fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins carrying nourishment and oxygen to and bringing away waste products from all parts of the animal.
alimentary system
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes.
XAO:0000125
ZFA:0000339
digestive system
gut
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes.
NLM:alimentary+system
oral cavity
The cavity of the mouth, bounded by the jaw bones and associated structures.
XAO:0000126
ZFA:0001027
TAO:0001027
The cavity of the mouth, bounded by the jaw bones and associated structures.
esophagus
AAO:0000145
Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. At NF stage 57 it is a straight tube, round in cross section, and starting from the pharynx runs backward along the dorsal side of the abdominal cavity. Its lining consists of a columnar glandular epithelium with mucus secreting cells. It is thrown into longitudinal folds.
XAO:0000127
oesophagus
ISBN:0815318960
OMD:esophagus
Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. At NF stage 57 it is a straight tube, round in cross section, and starting from the pharynx runs backward along the dorsal side of the abdominal cavity. Its lining consists of a columnar glandular epithelium with mucus secreting cells. It is thrown into longitudinal folds.
stomach
AAO:0000579
Internal organ that is the dilated portion of the alimentary tract situated between the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. It produces gastric juices involved in the breakdown of food.
XAO:0000128
Internal organ that is the dilated portion of the alimentary tract situated between the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. It produces gastric juices involved in the breakdown of food.
OMD:stomach
intestine
AAO:0000246
Portion of the alimentary canal bounded anteriorly by the pyloric sphincter and posteriorly by the cloacal sphincter.
XAO:0000129
AAO:0000246
Portion of the alimentary canal bounded anteriorly by the pyloric sphincter and posteriorly by the cloacal sphincter.
small intestine
A part of the alimentary system and principal organ of digestion, comprising the duodenum and ileum and characterized by longitudinal folds. In the tadpole it is a long simple tube with a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells.
AAO:0010397
XAO:0000130
A part of the alimentary system and principal organ of digestion, comprising the duodenum and ileum and characterized by longitudinal folds. In the tadpole it is a long simple tube with a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells.
PMID:15738398
large intestine
A short, wide tube that is part of the alimentary system and comprises the colon and rectum and empties into the cloaca. It lacks longitudinal folds characteristic of the small intestine. It absorbs water and salts from the gut lumen.
AAO:0010396
XAO:0000131
A short, wide tube that is part of the alimentary system and comprises the colon and rectum and empties into the cloaca. It lacks longitudinal folds characteristic of the small intestine. It absorbs water and salts from the gut lumen.
PMID:21471667
liver and biliary system
AAO:0011056
Aantomical system comprising the liver, gall bladder, and associated ducts.
XAO:0000132
Aantomical system comprising the liver, gall bladder, and associated ducts.
XAO:EJS
liver
AAO:0010111
Organ which secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins. The liver is the largest internal organ, primarily consisting of hepatocytes, and has a wider variety of functions than any other organs in the body. The hepatocyte is a polarized epithelial cell that exhibits both endocrine and exocrine properties. The biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocytes), sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells), Kupffer cells, and pit cells (liver-specific natural killer cells) represent the majority of non- hepatocyte cell types in the liver. During embryogenesis, the liver is generated in the ventral foregut endoderm.
XAO:0000133
AAO:0010111
Organ which secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins. The liver is the largest internal organ, primarily consisting of hepatocytes, and has a wider variety of functions than any other organs in the body. The hepatocyte is a polarized epithelial cell that exhibits both endocrine and exocrine properties. The biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocytes), sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells), Kupffer cells, and pit cells (liver-specific natural killer cells) represent the majority of non- hepatocyte cell types in the liver. During embryogenesis, the liver is generated in the ventral foregut endoderm.
PMID:17474120
bile duct
AAO:0011019
Duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine.
XAO:0000134
hepatic duct
Duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine.
ZFA:0001100
gall bladder
A small organ of the alimentary system that aids mainly in fat digestion, and concentrates bile that is produced by the liver.
AAO:0010114
XAO:0000135
gallbladder
A small organ of the alimentary system that aids mainly in fat digestion, and concentrates bile that is produced by the liver.
ZFA:0000208
pancreas
AAO:0010112
Internal gland organ with distinct tissues with different endocrine and exocrine functions. Its rudiment has three parts, one dorsal and two ventral primordia. The ventral can be first detected at NF stage 37/38. The dorsal is clearly segregated from the duodenal wall by NF stage 39. At NF stage 40 the right and left primordia have fused just above the gasto-duodenal vein. At NF stage 42 blood vessels penetrate into the crevices between the pancreatic acini making them more conspicuous.
XAO:0000136
ISBN:0815318960
ISBN:0881679860
Internal gland organ with distinct tissues with different endocrine and exocrine functions. Its rudiment has three parts, one dorsal and two ventral primordia. The ventral can be first detected at NF stage 37/38. The dorsal is clearly segregated from the duodenal wall by NF stage 39. At NF stage 40 the right and left primordia have fused just above the gasto-duodenal vein. At NF stage 42 blood vessels penetrate into the crevices between the pancreatic acini making them more conspicuous.
exocrine pancreas
AAO:0010407
Pancreatic tissue composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion.
XAO:0000137
Pancreatic tissue composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion.
ZFA:0001249
mesentery
A double layer composed of peritoneum that attaches the visceral organs to the body wall.
AAO:0011061
XAO:0000138
A double layer composed of peritoneum that attaches the visceral organs to the body wall.
ZFA:0005129
peritoneum
AAO:0010814
Serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom. It covers most of the intra-abdominal organs, supports the abdominal organs, and serves as a conduit for their blood and lymph vessels and nerves. It is composed of a layer of mesothelium.
XAO:0000139
AAO:0010814
Serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom. It covers most of the intra-abdominal organs, supports the abdominal organs, and serves as a conduit for their blood and lymph vessels and nerves. It is composed of a layer of mesothelium.
urogenital system
AAO:0000624
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction.
XAO:0000140
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction.
NLM:genitourinary+tract
mesonephric kidney
AAO:0010384
Organ that is the definitive adult kidney. It replaces the earlier pronephros, which degenerates as the mesonephros becomes functional in feeding stage tadpoles.
XAO:0000141
adult kidney
mesonephros
opisthonephros
AAO:0010384
Organ that is the definitive adult kidney. It replaces the earlier pronephros, which degenerates as the mesonephros becomes functional in feeding stage tadpoles.
genital system
AAO:0011048
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction.
XAO:0000142
reproductive system
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction.
NLM:genitourinary+tract
urinary system
AAO:0010257
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine.
XAO:0000143
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine.
NLM:genitourinary+tract
ureter
AAO:0010254
Anatomical structure consisting of long narrow duct which carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
XAO:0000144
AAO:0010254
Anatomical structure consisting of long narrow duct which carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
glomerulus
A tuft of capillaries found in a Bowman's capsule in which waste products are filtered from the blood and urine formation is initiated. Paired highly vascularized structures of the pronephros, responsible for blood filtration.
AAO:0010388
XAO:0000146
renal corpuscle
A tuft of capillaries found in a Bowman's capsule in which waste products are filtered from the blood and urine formation is initiated. Paired highly vascularized structures of the pronephros, responsible for blood filtration.
AAO:0010388
XAO:curator
glomerus
Made obolete - PV, perhaps a typo.
XAO:0000147
true
mesonephric tubule
AAO:0010389
Any of the excretory units of the mesonephros, which connect to the mesonephric collecting duct.
XAO:0000148
renal tubule
Any of the excretory units of the mesonephros, which connect to the mesonephric collecting duct.
http://www.bionalogy.com/urinary_system.htm
renal proximal convoluted tubule
XAO:0000149
XAO:0000331
true
loop of Henle
XAO:0000150
true
mesonephric collecting duct
AAO:0010390
Duct which connects to the mesonephric nephrons and collects filtrate.
XAO:0000151
collecting duct
Duct which connects to the mesonephric nephrons and collects filtrate.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collecting_duct_system
renal distal convoluted tubule
XAO:0000152
XAO:0000334
true
urethra
Anatomical structure consisting of a tube carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
XAO:0000153
Anatomical structure consisting of a tube carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
XAO:EJS
bladder
AAO:0000623
The organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys before disposal by urination.
XAO:0000154
urinary bladder
The organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys before disposal by urination.
XAO:curator
male genitalia
The organs of the male reproductive system.
XAO:0000155
male genitals
NLM:genitalia
The organs of the male reproductive system.
male genitals
female genitalia
The organs of the female reproductive system.
XAO:0000156
female genitals
NLM:genitalia
The organs of the female reproductive system.
female genitals
testis
AAO:0000606
Reproductive organ that produces and releases sperm.
XAO:0000157
testes
Reproductive organ that produces and releases sperm.
XAO:curator
testes
endocrine system
AAO:0010279
Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity.
XAO:0000158
Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity.
NLM:endocrine+system
islets of Langerhans
Structure that is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin.
UBERON:0000016
XAO:0000159
endocrine pancreas
Structure that is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin.
UBERON:0000016
pineal gland
An unpaired glandular organ subdivision attached on the midline near the posterior and habenular commissures of the epithalamus.
UBERON:0001905
XAO:0000160
epiphysis
pineal organ
An unpaired glandular organ subdivision attached on the midline near the posterior and habenular commissures of the epithalamus.
UBERON:0001905
thyroid
A two-lobed endocrine gland, located next to the trachea, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin.
UBERON:0002046
XAO:0000162
thyroid gland
A two-lobed endocrine gland, located next to the trachea, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin.
UBERON:0002046
thymus
Anatomical structure of largely lymphoid tissue that functions in cell-mediated immunity by being the site where T cells develop.
XAO:0000163
ZFA:0001078
Anatomical structure of largely lymphoid tissue that functions in cell-mediated immunity by being the site where T cells develop.
NLM:thymus
adrenal gland
AAO:0010551
Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine.
XAO:0000164
Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine.
UBERON:0002369
adrenal cortex
AAO:0011009
Situated along the perimeter of the adrenal gland, the adrenal cortex mediates the stress response through the production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, including aldosterone and cortisol respectively. It is also a secondary site of androgen synthesis. The perimeter region of the adrenal gland, the site of steroid synthesis.
XAO:0000165
interrenal tissue
PMID:14061885
Situated along the perimeter of the adrenal gland, the adrenal cortex mediates the stress response through the production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, including aldosterone and cortisol respectively. It is also a secondary site of androgen synthesis. The perimeter region of the adrenal gland, the site of steroid synthesis.
UBERON:0001235
adrenal medulla
AAO:0011010
Part of the adrenal gland, located at the center of the gland, being surrounded by the adrenal cortex. It is the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of cells that secrete epinephrine, norepinephrine, and a small amount of dopamine in response to stimulation by sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Composed mainly of hormone-producing chromaffin cells, the adrenal medulla is the principal site of the conversion of the amino acid tyrosine into the catecholamines adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and dopamine.
XAO:0000166
chromaffin cells
Part of the adrenal gland, located at the center of the gland, being surrounded by the adrenal cortex. It is the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of cells that secrete epinephrine, norepinephrine, and a small amount of dopamine in response to stimulation by sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Composed mainly of hormone-producing chromaffin cells, the adrenal medulla is the principal site of the conversion of the amino acid tyrosine into the catecholamines adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and dopamine.
UBERON:0001236
parathyroid
An organ specialized for secretion of parathyroid hormone. It controls the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones.
UBERON:0001132
XAO:0000167
XAO:0000450
epithelial body
parathyroid gland
An organ specialized for secretion of parathyroid hormone. It controls the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones.
UBERON:0001132
musculoskeletal system
Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism.
VSAO:0000031
XAO:0000168
Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism.
XAO:curator
bone tissue
The hard form of connective tissue that constitutes the majority of the skeleton.
VSAO:0000047
XAO:0000169
bone
BTO:0000140
The hard form of connective tissue that constitutes the majority of the skeleton.
cartilage tissue
A type of dense connective tissue that is composed of specialized cells, chondrocytes, that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix.
VSAO:0000040
XAO:0000170
cartilage
A type of dense connective tissue that is composed of specialized cells, chondrocytes, that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix.
WIKI:Cartilage
joint
Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.
VSAO:0000101
XAO:0000171
articulation
Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.
ZFA:0001596
muscle
A body tissue consisting of long cells that contract when stimulated and produce motion.
AAO:0011066
XAO:0000172
A body tissue consisting of long cells that contract when stimulated and produce motion.
BTO:0000887
tendon
A fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
VSAO:0000073
XAO:0000173
XAO:0000400
A fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
OMD:tendon
skeletal muscle
A type of muscle used to create movement, by applying force to bones and joints.
AAO:0011099
XAO:0000174
A type of muscle used to create movement, by applying force to bones and joints.
WIKI:Skeletal_muscle
smooth muscle
AAO:0010244
Involuntary muscle tissue consisting of uninucleate spindle-shaped fibers.
XAO:0000175
visceral muscle
AAO:0010244
Involuntary muscle tissue consisting of uninucleate spindle-shaped fibers.
dermal system
Anatomical system that consists of the skin and its appendages.
VSAO:00000130
XAO:0000176
Anatomical system that consists of the skin and its appendages.
OMD:dermal+system
nervous system
AAO:0000324
Anatomical system that has as its parts the brain and spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and parts of the receptor organs and that receives and interprets stimuli and transmits impulses to the effector organs.
XAO:0000177
AAO:0000324
Anatomical system that has as its parts the brain and spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and parts of the receptor organs and that receives and interprets stimuli and transmits impulses to the effector organs.
peripheral nervous system
AAO:0000429
One of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Its nerves connect the central nervous system with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.
PNS
XAO:0000178
OMD:peripheral+nervous+system
One of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Its nerves connect the central nervous system with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.
eye
AAO:0010340
The organ of sight (visual apparatus), almost spherical in shape. At the end of development (NF stage 66) the eyes bulge out of their orbital capsules near the lateral edge of the dorsal side of the head.
XAO:0000179
eyes
eyes
ISBN:0815318960
The organ of sight (visual apparatus), almost spherical in shape. At the end of development (NF stage 66) the eyes bulge out of their orbital capsules near the lateral edge of the dorsal side of the head.
XAO:curator
cornea
AAO:0010344
The transparent front part of the eye that, together with the lens, refracts light.
XAO:0000180
The transparent front part of the eye that, together with the lens, refracts light.
WIKI:Cornea
globe
A general term for the whole eye, or eye ball, of an organism.
AAO:0010346
XAO:0000181
eye ball
A general term for the whole eye, or eye ball, of an organism.
AAO:0010346
conjunctiva
A clear mucous membrane consisting of cells and underlying basement membrane that covers the sclera and lines the inside of the eyelids. It is made of epithelial tissue.
AAO:0010343
XAO:0000182
conjunctivae
conjunctivas
conjunctivas
conjunctivae
A clear mucous membrane consisting of cells and underlying basement membrane that covers the sclera and lines the inside of the eyelids. It is made of epithelial tissue.
UBERON:0001811
sclera
AAO:0010354
The opaque, fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber.
XAO:0000183
The opaque, fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber.
UBERON:0001773
iris
A membrane in the eye, responsible for controlling the amount of light reaching the retina.
AAO:0010347
XAO:0000185
A membrane in the eye, responsible for controlling the amount of light reaching the retina.
UBERON:0001769
ciliary body
AAO:0010341
Circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes.
XAO:0000186
Circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes.
UBERON:0001775
dorsolateral placode region
Lateral neurogenic placode region positioned dorsal to the epibranchial placodes, and include the lateral line placodes, the otic placode and the trigeminal placode.
XAO:0000187
ZFA:0001310
ISBN:0878933840
Lateral neurogenic placode region positioned dorsal to the epibranchial placodes, and include the lateral line placodes, the otic placode and the trigeminal placode.
ZFA:0001310
cranial nerve II
Cranial nerve that runs to the eye.
XAO:0000188
ZFA:0000435
optic nerve
Cranial nerve that runs to the eye.
ISBN:0471209627
auditory apparatus
AAO:0011014
The combination of structures that form the ear and function to transmit vibrations and permit hearing.
XAO:0000189
ear
ISBN:0-07-017977-8
The combination of structures that form the ear and function to transmit vibrations and permit hearing.
external ear
AAO:0011108
The thin membrane or integument, which is stretched over a cartilaginous annulus in a drum-like manner, and forms the outer ear, receiving airborne vibrations and functions in hearing.
XAO:0000190
XAO:0000212
tympanic membrane
tympanum
ISBN:0-07-017977-8
The thin membrane or integument, which is stretched over a cartilaginous annulus in a drum-like manner, and forms the outer ear, receiving airborne vibrations and functions in hearing.
middle ear
AAO:0011065
The air-filled cavity within the skull that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear.
XAO:0000191
tympanic cavity
The air-filled cavity within the skull that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear.
UBERON:0001756
inner ear
AAO:0000238
Labyrinthine anatomical cluster that comprises sensory endorgans specialized for vestibular, auditory, and acoustico-vestibular sensation.
XAO:0000192
XAO:0000194
membranous labyrinth
Labyrinthine anatomical cluster that comprises sensory endorgans specialized for vestibular, auditory, and acoustico-vestibular sensation.
PMID:16217737
osseous labyrinth
AAO:0011078
Structure consisting of the vestibule, lagena, and semicircular canal, cavities that are hollowed out of the substance of the bone, and lined by periosteum. They contain a clear fluid, the perilymph, in which the membranous labyrinth is situated.
XAO:0000193
bony labyrinth
Structure consisting of the vestibule, lagena, and semicircular canal, cavities that are hollowed out of the substance of the bone, and lined by periosteum. They contain a clear fluid, the perilymph, in which the membranous labyrinth is situated.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bony_labyrinth
utricle
AAO:0011109
Inner ear structure into which the semicircular ducts find their outlet. Along with the saccule, it is part of the balancing apparatus (membranous labyrinth) located within the vestibule of the osseous labyrinth.
XAO:0000195
Inner ear structure into which the semicircular ducts find their outlet. Along with the saccule, it is part of the balancing apparatus (membranous labyrinth) located within the vestibule of the osseous labyrinth.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utricle_(ear)
sacculus
A major structure of the inner ear, ventral to the utriculus. Two small pouches extend from it: the papilla basilaris, and the papilla amphibiorum. The sacculus functions in the detection of sound.
AAO:0000550
XAO:0000196
saccule
A major structure of the inner ear, ventral to the utriculus. Two small pouches extend from it: the papilla basilaris, and the papilla amphibiorum. The sacculus functions in the detection of sound.
ISBN:0-07-017977-8
lagena
A vestibular structure of the inner ear consisting of a ventral diverticulum off of the sacculus.
AAO:0000253
XAO:0000197
cochlea
A vestibular structure of the inner ear consisting of a ventral diverticulum off of the sacculus.
ISBN:1402073755
semicircular canal
AAO:0011098
Fluid-filled ducts that loop from the utriculus in the inner ear, and help detect movement and maintain balance.
XAO:0000198
semicircular canals
semicircular ducts
semicircular ducts
Fluid-filled ducts that loop from the utriculus in the inner ear, and help detect movement and maintain balance.
ISBN:0-07-017977-8
semicircular canals
vestibule
The small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear.
UBERON:0005236
XAO:0000199
The small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear.
UBERON:0005236
animal blastomere
AAO:0010283
Pigmented, smaller blastomere of the animal (upper) hemisphere of the cleaving embryo.
XAO:0000200
micromere
ISBN:0471209627
Pigmented, smaller blastomere of the animal (upper) hemisphere of the cleaving embryo.
olfactory apparatus
XAO:0000201
XAO:0000273
true
animal hemisphere
AAO:0010325
In developmental biology, the embryo is divided into two hemispheres: the animal pole or hemisphere and the vegetal pole or hemisphere. The animal hemisphere is the actively dividing hemisphere of the embryo, opposite the vegetal hemisphere, and is pigmented dark brown.
XAO:0000202
ISBN:3-921015-04-9
In developmental biology, the embryo is divided into two hemispheres: the animal pole or hemisphere and the vegetal pole or hemisphere. The animal hemisphere is the actively dividing hemisphere of the embryo, opposite the vegetal hemisphere, and is pigmented dark brown.
archencephalic region
XAO:0000203
true
peripheral nerve
Any nerve outside the brain or spinal cord that connects with peripheral receptors or effectors.
XAO:0000204
Any nerve outside the brain or spinal cord that connects with peripheral receptors or effectors.
NCIt:Peripheral_Nerve
axial mesoderm
A type of mesoderm that lies along the central axis, under the neural tube, and gives rise to the notochord.
AAO:0011017
XAO:0000205
chordamesoderm
A type of mesoderm that lies along the central axis, under the neural tube, and gives rise to the notochord.
XAO:curator
blastocoel anlage
AAO:0010326
The first appearance of the anatomical space that will become the blastocoel.
XAO:0000206
The first appearance of the anatomical space that will become the blastocoel.
XAO:curator
blastocoel roof
AAO:0010436
The dorsal surface of the blastocoel, the cavity of the blastula.
XAO:0000207
The dorsal surface of the blastocoel, the cavity of the blastula.
XAO:curator
blastopore
AAO:0000045
The opening of the archenteron to the exterior, marks the point of orgin of the archenteron and the caudal end of the embryo.
XAO:0000208
ISBN:0-02-377110-0
The opening of the archenteron to the exterior, marks the point of orgin of the archenteron and the caudal end of the embryo.
ganglion
AAO:0010426
Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system.
XAO:0000209
ganglia
ganglia
NLM:ganglion
Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system.
spinal ganglion
A nodule on a dorsal root that contains cell bodies of neurons in afferent spinal nerves.
XAO:0000210
A nodule on a dorsal root that contains cell bodies of neurons in afferent spinal nerves.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_root_ganglion
sympathetic chain
AAO:0010791
Either of the pair of ganglionated longitudinal cords of the sympathetic nervous system of which one is situated on each side of the spinal column.
XAO:0000211
sympathetic trunk
Either of the pair of ganglionated longitudinal cords of the sympathetic nervous system of which one is situated on each side of the spinal column.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/sympathetic%20chain
auditory tube
AAO:0011016
The narrow tube connecting the middle ear with the pharynx, through which air flows to equalize pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane.
XAO:0000213
eustachian tube
pharyngotympanic tube
ISBN:0-07-017977-8
The narrow tube connecting the middle ear with the pharynx, through which air flows to equalize pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane.
auditory ossicle
AAO:0011015
Any of the three tiny bones of the inner ear (columella or stapes, the sacculus and the utriculus) suspended in the otic capsule.
XAO:0000214
Any of the three tiny bones of the inner ear (columella or stapes, the sacculus and the utriculus) suspended in the otic capsule.
ISBN:0-07-017977-8
central nervous system
AAO:0000090
CNS
The part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord, to which sensory impulses are transmitted and from which motor impulses pass out, and that supervises and coordinates the activity of the entire nervous system.
XAO:0000215
NLM:central+nervous+system
The part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord, to which sensory impulses are transmitted and from which motor impulses pass out, and that supervises and coordinates the activity of the entire nervous system.
cortex
Spatial descriptor for the outermost or superficial layer of an organ, such at the cerebral cortex or adrenal gland cortex; or the outer most layers of the oocyte.
XAO:0000216
XAO:0004467
XAO:0004468
true
Spatial descriptor for the outermost or superficial layer of an organ, such at the cerebral cortex or adrenal gland cortex; or the outer most layers of the oocyte.
XAO:curator
dermis
A layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis.
AAO:0000128
XAO:0000217
A layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis.
UBERON:0002067
appendage
An internal or external body part or prolongation that projects from, and is attached to, an organ or the main body of an organism.
VSAO:0000075
XAO:0000218
appendages
appendages
An internal or external body part or prolongation that projects from, and is attached to, an organ or the main body of an organism.
XAO:curator
superficial (epithelial) layer
XAO:0000219
true
dermatome
AAO:0011028
Somitic compartment that is a precursor of dermis, the cells of which become arranged in a single layer that blankets the myotome, possibly continuously (unsegmented) across somites.
XAO:0000220
PMID:17313522
Somitic compartment that is a precursor of dermis, the cells of which become arranged in a single layer that blankets the myotome, possibly continuously (unsegmented) across somites.
deuterencephalic region
XAO:0000221
true
ear placode
XAO:0000222
XAO:0000223
true
otic placode
AAO:0011079
Invagination of thickened epithelium near the hindbrain that gives rise to a spherically shaped ear vesicle.
XAO:0000223
auditory placode
ear
Invagination of thickened epithelium near the hindbrain that gives rise to a spherically shaped ear vesicle.
PMID:16217737
vegetal part, early involuting
Vegetal portion of the marginal zone of the embryo that turns inside the embryo during involution.
XAO:0000224
Vegetal portion of the marginal zone of the embryo that turns inside the embryo during involution.
http://worms.zoology.wisc.edu/frogs/glossary.html
trigeminal placode
The ectodermal precursor of the trigeminal ganglion. The profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24.
XAO:0000225
ZFA:0000162
PMID:21452441
The ectodermal precursor of the trigeminal ganglion. The profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24.
UBERON:0003070
equatorial belt
AAO:0010328
Equatorial zone of the zygote with which the plane of first cleavage aligns.
XAO:0000226
Equatorial zone of the zygote with which the plane of first cleavage aligns.
XAO:EJS
eye primordium
AAO:0011038
First trace of the future visual apparatus. The eye primordia forming antero-lateral evaginations of the closing neural tube are originally massive formations into which only a slit-shaped extension of the neural groove penetrates at NF stage 18. At NF stage 19 they clearly segregate from the anterior portion of the neural tube.
XAO:0000227
eye
eye anlage
First trace of the future visual apparatus. The eye primordia forming antero-lateral evaginations of the closing neural tube are originally massive formations into which only a slit-shaped extension of the neural groove penetrates at NF stage 18. At NF stage 19 they clearly segregate from the anterior portion of the neural tube.
ISBN:0815318960
optic vesicle
AAO:0011039
The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup. Portion of tissue that is composed of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup.
XAO:0000228
eye
eye vesicle
optic cup
The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup. Portion of tissue that is composed of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup.
XAO:curator
fasciculated network of fibrils
AAO:0010303
Randomly dispersed fibrils organized into criss-crossing fascicles or bundles in the coelomic envelope of oocytes.
XAO:0000229
coelomic envelope
PMID:2909400
Randomly dispersed fibrils organized into criss-crossing fascicles or bundles in the coelomic envelope of oocytes.
follicle cell
CL:0000477
Cell type that forms a layer within an ovarian follicle that surrounds the oocyte.
XAO:0000230
Cell type that forms a layer within an ovarian follicle that surrounds the oocyte.
OMD:follicle+cell
follicle layer
A monolayer of follicle cells surrounding the developing oocyte and forming adhesive contacts with the surrounding follicular epithelium.
AAO:0010398
XAO:0000231
A monolayer of follicle cells surrounding the developing oocyte and forming adhesive contacts with the surrounding follicular epithelium.
PMID:619165
foregut
AAO:0011042
The anterior part of the alimentary system, from the mouth and esophagus to the duodenum at the entrance of the bile duct. Structures of the foregut are: esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. The spleen is located in the foregut region, but is not a gut organ.
XAO:0000232
The anterior part of the alimentary system, from the mouth and esophagus to the duodenum at the entrance of the bile duct. Structures of the foregut are: esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. The spleen is located in the foregut region, but is not a gut organ.
UBERON:0001041
XAO:curator
germ plasm
A zone found in the cytoplasm of the egg cells which contains determinants that will give rise to the germ cell lineage. As the zygote undergoes mitotic divisions the germ plasm is ultimately restricted to a few cells of the embryo. These germ cells then migrate to the gonads.
AAO:0010333
XAO:0000233
A zone found in the cytoplasm of the egg cells which contains determinants that will give rise to the germ cell lineage. As the zygote undergoes mitotic divisions the germ plasm is ultimately restricted to a few cells of the embryo. These germ cells then migrate to the gonads.
XAO:curator
germinal vesicle
AAO:0010305
GV
The nucelus of the oocyte, it is enclosed in a nuclear envelope and contains neucleoplasm, in which the chromosomes and extranucleoli are embedded. It breaks down as the oocyte matures, being no longer visible by the first meiotic metaphase.
XAO:0000234
The nucelus of the oocyte, it is enclosed in a nuclear envelope and contains neucleoplasm, in which the chromosomes and extranucleoli are embedded. It breaks down as the oocyte matures, being no longer visible by the first meiotic metaphase.
XAO:curator
cardiac mesoderm
AAO:0011021
Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and whose fusion begins at the ventral midline at NF stage 16.
XAO:0000235
heart
Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and whose fusion begins at the ventral midline at NF stage 16.
XAO:curator
duodenum
AAO:0010402
The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one).
XAO:0000236
ISBN:0815318960
The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one).
ileum
AAO:0010403
The final section of the small intestine.
XAO:0000237
The final section of the small intestine.
UBERON:0002116
rectum
AAO:0010401
The terminal portion of the large intestine.
XAO:0000238
The terminal portion of the large intestine.
VHOG:0001751
hepato-pancreatic duct
The pancreatic duct and common bile duct enter the descending duodenum, commonly known together as the hepatopancreatic duct.
XAO:0000239
The pancreatic duct and common bile duct enter the descending duodenum, commonly known together as the hepatopancreatic duct.
XAO:curator
lens placode
A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. It invaginates to form the lens vesicle, which gives rise to the crystallin-accumulating cells of the lens.
AAO:0011055
XAO:0000240
lens
A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. It invaginates to form the lens vesicle, which gives rise to the crystallin-accumulating cells of the lens.
PMID:16677629
UBERON:0003073
posterior cardinal vein
AAO:0011081
PCV
The posterior cardinal vein returns blood from the trunk and drains into the duct of Cuvier via the pronephric sinus.
XAO:0000241
PMID:12606281
The posterior cardinal vein returns blood from the trunk and drains into the duct of Cuvier via the pronephric sinus.
mesonephric duct
Duct which drains the mesonephros and connects it to the ureter.
Wolffian duct
XAO:0000242
ZFA:0000546
Duct which drains the mesonephros and connects it to the ureter.
XAO:EJS
colon
AAO:0010400
The last portion of the digestive system, it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body.
XAO:0000243
hindgut
posterior intestine
The last portion of the digestive system, it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body.
UBERON:0001155
cloaca
AAO:0000095
The posterior opening that serves as the only such opening for the intestinal, reproductive, and urinary tracts.
XAO:0000244
cloacal chamber
vent
The posterior opening that serves as the only such opening for the intestinal, reproductive, and urinary tracts.
XAO:curator
mitochondrial aggregate
A prominent mass in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocytes, containing both mitochondria and electron-dense granulofibrillar material.
AAO:0010306
XAO:0000245
A prominent mass in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocytes, containing both mitochondria and electron-dense granulofibrillar material.
PMID:6541166
myocoelic slit
Space that separates the thicker inner sheet of splanchnic mesoderm from the thinner outer somatic mesoderm.
XAO:0000246
PMID:5449482
Space that separates the thicker inner sheet of splanchnic mesoderm from the thinner outer somatic mesoderm.
visceral pouch 2
AAO:0011115
Second of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
XAO:0000247
second visceral pouch
ISBN:0-226-55763-4
Second of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
neural groove
AAO:0011071
The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds.
XAO:0000248
NLM:neural+groove
The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds.
neural plate
A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube. At NF stage 11.5 is the first indication of neural plate within the sensorial layer of ectoderm. It extends to near the animal pole by NF stage 12.5 and the entire plate is faintly delimited by NF stage 13.
AAO:0011072
XAO:0000249
A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube. At NF stage 11.5 is the first indication of neural plate within the sensorial layer of ectoderm. It extends to near the animal pole by NF stage 12.5 and the entire plate is faintly delimited by NF stage 13.
ISBN:0815318960
OMD:neural+plate
posterior neural tube
AAO:0011082
Posterior segment of the neural tube, which develops into the hindbrain and spinal cord.
XAO:0000250
Posterior segment of the neural tube, which develops into the hindbrain and spinal cord.
XAO:EJS
visceral pouch 3
AAO:0011116
Third of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
XAO:0000251
third visceral pouch
ISBN:0-226-55763-4
Third of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
neurocoel
AAO:0011073
Spinal cord structure that is part of the ventricular system and is filled with cerebral-spinal fluid and runs the length of the spinal cord.
XAO:0000252
Spinal cord structure that is part of the ventricular system and is filled with cerebral-spinal fluid and runs the length of the spinal cord.
VHOG:0001119
non-involuting marginal zone
AAO:0010452
Animal portion of the marginal zone of the embryo that spreads in front of the animal cap but does not involute during gastrulation.
NIMZ
XAO:0000253
Animal portion of the marginal zone of the embryo that spreads in front of the animal cap but does not involute during gastrulation.
http://worms.zoology.wisc.edu/frogs/glossary.html
visceral pouch 4
AAO:0011117
Fourth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
XAO:0000254
fourth visceral pouch
Fourth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
ISBN:0-226-55763-4
visceral pouch 5
AAO:0011118
Fifth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches.
XAO:0000255
fifth visceral pouch
Fifth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches.
ISBN:0-226-55763-4
oocyte
CL:0000023
The developing female gamete, the differentiation of which is classified into six stages: I (pre-vitellogenic), II (early vitellogenic), III (mid-vitellogenic, formation of pigment), IV (polarization along animal-vegetal axis), V (late vitellogenic), and VI (post-vitellogenic, appearance of equatorial band).
XAO:0000256
PMID:4109871
The developing female gamete, the differentiation of which is classified into six stages: I (pre-vitellogenic), II (early vitellogenic), III (mid-vitellogenic, formation of pigment), IV (polarization along animal-vegetal axis), V (late vitellogenic), and VI (post-vitellogenic, appearance of equatorial band).
oral evagination
An outpocketing of the foregut ventral to the infundibulum and the hypophysis. The walls surrounding this cavity are composed of endoderm.
XAO:0000257
An outpocketing of the foregut ventral to the infundibulum and the hypophysis. The walls surrounding this cavity are composed of endoderm.
http://www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/34mmfrog/db34fg1.htm
ovary
AAO:0000371
Either of paired female reproductive organs involved in production of ova and female sex hormones.
XAO:0000258
AAO:0000371
Either of paired female reproductive organs involved in production of ova and female sex hormones.
paraxial mesoderm
AAO:0010568
Area of mesoderm at either side of the midline embryonic notochord that, on segmentation, forms the paired somites.
XAO:0000259
Area of mesoderm at either side of the midline embryonic notochord that, on segmentation, forms the paired somites.
OMD:paraxial+mesoderm
perivitelline space
AAO:0010329
The space between the zona pellucida and the cell membrane of an oocyte or fertilized ovum.
XAO:0000260
The space between the zona pellucida and the cell membrane of an oocyte or fertilized ovum.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perivitelline_space
pigment layer
AAO:0010350
Outer layer of the developing optic vesicle, which contains pigmented epithelium.
XAO:0000261
Outer layer of the developing optic vesicle, which contains pigmented epithelium.
XAO:EJS
polar body
A small cell formed by the meiotic division of an oocyte.
AAO:0010307
XAO:0000262
A small cell formed by the meiotic division of an oocyte.
CL:0002090
primary oogonium
A germ cell that is a primordial oocyte in a female and that develops into secondary oogonia by mitotic division.
AAO:0010297
XAO:0000263
primary oogonia
primary oogonia
A germ cell that is a primordial oocyte in a female and that develops into secondary oogonia by mitotic division.
XAO:EJS
pronephric mesenchyme
AAO:0011090
Portion of tissue that consists of the mesenchymal precursor to the pronephric kidney and that begins to separate from the intermediate mesoderm at NF stage 21 and epithelializes by NF stage 30.
XAO:0000264
pronephric anlage
pronephric bulge
pronephric primordium
Portion of tissue that consists of the mesenchymal precursor to the pronephric kidney and that begins to separate from the intermediate mesoderm at NF stage 21 and epithelializes by NF stage 30.
XAO:curator
visceral pouch 6
AAO:0011119
Sixth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches.
XAO:0000265
sixth visceral pouch
ISBN:0-226-55763-4
Sixth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches.
retinal layer
AAO:0010353
Inner layer of the developing optic vesicle, which contains retinal nerve cells.
XAO:0000266
Inner layer of the developing optic vesicle, which contains retinal nerve cells.
XAO:EJS
hypophyseal primordium
The hypophyseal layer that separates from the stomodeal layer of the stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium at NF stage 29 and 30.
XAO:0000267
The hypophyseal layer that separates from the stomodeal layer of the stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium at NF stage 29 and 30.
XAO:EJS
secondary oogonium
A type of germ cell that results from the mitotic division of a primary oogonium.
AAO:0010299
XAO:0000268
secondary oogonia
secondary oogonia
A type of germ cell that results from the mitotic division of a primary oogonium.
XAO:EJS
mouth primordium
Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal that is formed as an invagination of the ectoderm and is the future mouth.
XAO:0000269
mouth
stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium
Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal that is formed as an invagination of the ectoderm and is the future mouth.
UBERON:0000930
sensorial layer of neurectoderm
Deep layer of the neural ectoderm, which undergoes early neuronal differentiation.
XAO:0000270
deep layer of neurectoderm
Deep layer of the neural ectoderm, which undergoes early neuronal differentiation.
PMID:11832243
somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
AAO:0011100
Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the future body wall; it underlies the ectoderm.
XAO:0000271
Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the future body wall; it underlies the ectoderm.
UBERON:0004871
Jacobson's organ
AAO:0000997
An auxiliary olfactory sense organ involved in the detection of pheromones.
VNO
XAO:0000272
organon vomeronasale
vomeronasal organ
An auxiliary olfactory sense organ involved in the detection of pheromones.
WIKI:Vomeronasal_organ
olfactory organ
AAO:0010180
Organ comprising the specialized structures subserving the function of the sense of smell.
XAO:0000273
BTO:0001772
Organ comprising the specialized structures subserving the function of the sense of smell.
sperm entry point
AAO:0010330
The point on the surface of the egg at which the sperm enters the egg.
XAO:0000274
The point on the surface of the egg at which the sperm enters the egg.
XAO:EJS
olfactory pit
A depression on the head of the embryo that becomes converted into a nasal passage.
AAO:0011068
XAO:0000275
XAO:0004073
nasal pit
A depression on the head of the embryo that becomes converted into a nasal passage.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/olfactory%20pit
splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
AAO:0011102
Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall; it overlies endoderm.
UBERON:0004872
XAO:0000276
XAO:0004273
splanchnic mesoderm
visceral mesoderm
Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall; it overlies endoderm.
UBERON:0004872
choana
AAO:0000093
The internal nasal passages, aperture or cavity in the roof of the buccopharynx.
XAO:0000277
choanae
internal nares
posterior nasal apperture
ISBN:0-226-55763-4
The internal nasal passages, aperture or cavity in the roof of the buccopharynx.
choanae
animal part, late involuting
When the marginal zone mesoderm undergoes involution, where the marginal zone contacts the vegetal base.
XAO:0000278
When the marginal zone mesoderm undergoes involution, where the marginal zone contacts the vegetal base.
XAO:curator
vegetal blastomere
AAO:0010284
Unpigmented, larger blastomere of the vegetal (lower) hemisphere of the cleaving embryo.
XAO:0000279
macromere
ISBN:0471209627
Unpigmented, larger blastomere of the vegetal (lower) hemisphere of the cleaving embryo.
vegetal hemisphere
AAO:0010331
Anatomical region relating to the lower, light-colored hemisphere of the egg.
XAO:0000280
Anatomical region relating to the lower, light-colored hemisphere of the egg.
XAO:EJS
vegetal yolk mass
AAO:0010334
Cell mass in the vegetal region of the embryo that will contribute to endoderm.
XAO:0000281
vegetal cell mass
Cell mass in the vegetal region of the embryo that will contribute to endoderm.
XAO:EJS
visceral pouch
AAO:0011113
Pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
XAO:0000282
visceral pouches
visceral pouches
ISBN:0-226-55763-4
Pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
pupil
A hole located in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to enter the retina.
AAO:0010351
XAO:0000283
A hole located in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to enter the retina.
WIKI:Pupil
epibranchial placode
AAO:0011036
The three distinct placodal areas, which develop from the posterior placodal area, and lie ventral to the otic placode and dorsocaudal to the pharyngeal clefts, and contribute to the sensory ganglia and cranial nerves.
XAO:0000284
ISBN:0878933840
The three distinct placodal areas, which develop from the posterior placodal area, and lie ventral to the otic placode and dorsocaudal to the pharyngeal clefts, and contribute to the sensory ganglia and cranial nerves.
pronephric nephron
AAO:0011091
The structure that is the basic functional unit of the pronephros.
XAO:0000285
pronephric tubule
The structure that is the basic functional unit of the pronephros.
UBERON:0005309
late proximal tubule
AAO:0011122
PT3
Portion of the pronephric tubule that is immediately posterior to the early proximal tubule and anterior to the early distal tubule.
XAO:0000286
late proximal segment
proximal tubule 3
PMID:15223337
Portion of the pronephric tubule that is immediately posterior to the early proximal tubule and anterior to the early distal tubule.
early distal tubule
AAO:0011034
IT1
IT2
Portion of the pronephric tubule that is immediately posterior to the late proximal tubule and anterior to the late distal segment.
XAO:0000287
distal early tubule
intermediate tubule
pronephric distal early tubule
pronephric early distal tubule
PMID:15223337
Portion of the pronephric tubule that is immediately posterior to the late proximal tubule and anterior to the late distal segment.
early proximal tubule
AAO:0011120
PT2
Portion of the pronephric tubule that is immediately anterior to the late proximal tubule.
XAO:0000288
PMID:15223337
Portion of the pronephric tubule that is immediately anterior to the late proximal tubule.
late distal segment
AAO:0011121
DT1
Pronephric segment immediately posterior to the early distal tubule and anterior to the pronehric duct.
XAO:0000289
PMID:15223337
Pronephric segment immediately posterior to the early distal tubule and anterior to the pronehric duct.
pronephric nephron segment S1
XAO:0000290
true
mesonephric mesenchyme
AAO:0011062
The tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros.
XAO:0000291
GO:0061219
The tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros.
mesonephric nephron
AAO:0010387
The structure that is the basic functional unit of the kidney.
XAO:0000145
XAO:0000292
nephron
PMID:9268568
The structure that is the basic functional unit of the kidney.
neural fold
XAO:0000293
XAO:0004087
true
blastocoel
A blastocoel forms during embryogenesis when a zygote (a fertilized ovum) divides into many cells through mitosis. The blastocoel is the cavity of the blastula, a closed space which is invaded by early mesenchyme and later obliterated by the enlarging archenteron.
AAO:0010433
XAO:0000294
blastocele
blastocyst cavity
cleavage cavity
segmentation cavity
A blastocoel forms during embryogenesis when a zygote (a fertilized ovum) divides into many cells through mitosis. The blastocoel is the cavity of the blastula, a closed space which is invaded by early mesenchyme and later obliterated by the enlarging archenteron.
ISBN:0-02-377110-0
ISBN:0815318960
central endoderm
The portion of endoderm between dorsal and ventral blastopore lips, and extending towards to the blastocoel.
XAO:0000295
endodermal yolk mass
vegetal endodermal core
The portion of endoderm between dorsal and ventral blastopore lips, and extending towards to the blastocoel.
XAO:curator
vegetal
Anatomical direction relating to the vegetal pole or hemisphere.
XAO:0000296
Anatomical direction relating to the vegetal pole or hemisphere.
XAO:EJS
animal
Anatomical direction relating to the animal pole or hemisphere.
XAO:0000297
animal hemisphere
Anatomical direction relating to the animal pole or hemisphere.
XAO:curator
dorsal
Spatial concept denoting the back or upper surface of the body.
XAO:0000298
NCIt:Dorsal
Spatial concept denoting the back or upper surface of the body.
ventral
Spatial concept denoting the underside or lower surface of the body.
XAO:0000299
NCIt:Ventral
Spatial concept denoting the underside or lower surface of the body.
superficial
Spatial concept denoting only the surface of the body.
XAO:0000300
Spatial concept denoting only the surface of the body.
XAO:EJS
deep
Spatial concept denoting extension relatively far inward.
XAO:0000301
NCIt:Deep
Spatial concept denoting extension relatively far inward.
dorso-lateral
Spatial concept pertaining to the back of the body and to the side.
XAO:0000302
Spatial concept pertaining to the back of the body and to the side.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dorsolateral
ventro-lateral
Spatial concept pertaining to the part of the body opposite the back and away from the midline.
XAO:0000303
Spatial concept pertaining to the part of the body opposite the back and away from the midline.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ventrolateral
lateral
Spatial concept pertaining to being situated at or extending to the side.
XAO:0000304
NCIt:Lateral
Spatial concept pertaining to being situated at or extending to the side.
cranial placode
A localized ectodermal thickening that develops by apicobasal elongation of cuboidal cells in the inner layer of the ectoderm in the head of the embryos, and is involved in formation of sense organs.
AAO:0010466
XAO:0000305
cranial placodes
cranial placodes
A localized ectodermal thickening that develops by apicobasal elongation of cuboidal cells in the inner layer of the ectoderm in the head of the embryos, and is involved in formation of sense organs.
UBERON:0002546
floor plate
AAO:0011041
Organizing center consisting of a small group of cells located at the ventral midline of the neural tube that influences the development of the nervous system, governing the specification of neuronal cell types and directing axonal trajectories.
XAO:0000306
floorplate
spinal cord floor
GO:0021508
Organizing center consisting of a small group of cells located at the ventral midline of the neural tube that influences the development of the nervous system, governing the specification of neuronal cell types and directing axonal trajectories.
PMID:15738958
anterior neural tube
AAO:0011012
Anterior segment of the neural tube, which develops into the forebrain and midbrain.
XAO:0000307
Anterior segment of the neural tube, which develops into the forebrain and midbrain.
XAO:EJS
marginal zone (sensu neural)
Region of the neural tube that will become the white matter of the nervous system.
XAO:0000309
ISBN:0393974308
Region of the neural tube that will become the white matter of the nervous system.
anterior neural fold
The anterior U-shaped portion of the neural folds, the two longitudinal dorsal ridges, caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, that make their appearance on either side of the middle line of the early neural embryo.
XAO:0000310
The anterior U-shaped portion of the neural folds, the two longitudinal dorsal ridges, caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, that make their appearance on either side of the middle line of the early neural embryo.
XAO:curator
lateral plate mesoderm
AAO:0010574
Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures.
XAO:0000311
Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures.
UBERON:0003081
head somite
Any of the transient, degenerating occipital somites.
XAO:0000313
cranial somite
occipital somite
Any of the transient, degenerating occipital somites.
XAO:curator
trunk somite
A somite located posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.
AAO:0010385
XAO:0000314
A somite located posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.
XAO:EJS
myotome
AAO:0011067
Somitic compartment that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0000315
myotomes
myotomes
PMID:17313522
Somitic compartment that is a precursor of muscle.
epicardium
AAO:0010409
The inner layer of the pericardium that is in contact with the surface of the heart.
XAO:0000316
heart epicardium
AAO:0010409
The inner layer of the pericardium that is in contact with the surface of the heart.
glomus
AAO:0011049
Properly called a glomus as it extends over multiple body segments.
The filtration unit of the pronephric kidney. A glomus is a glomerulus that spans more than one body segment. It is the vascularized filter of the pronephric kidney. Blood is filtered through the glomus and the filtrate deposited into the coelom early in development, or the nephrocoel later in development. The Xenopus glomus contains podocytes with well developed foot processes that are anatomically indistinguishable from the podocytes of adult glomeruli. The two glomera are linked via a narrow bridge called the glomeral nexus.
XAO:0000318
corpuscle
glomera
glomerulus
PMID:9268568
The filtration unit of the pronephric kidney. A glomus is a glomerulus that spans more than one body segment. It is the vascularized filter of the pronephric kidney. Blood is filtered through the glomus and the filtrate deposited into the coelom early in development, or the nephrocoel later in development. The Xenopus glomus contains podocytes with well developed foot processes that are anatomically indistinguishable from the podocytes of adult glomeruli. The two glomera are linked via a narrow bridge called the glomeral nexus.
XAO:curator
glomera
trunk neural crest
AAO:0010582
TNC
Trunk neural crest cells migrate along two major pathways: through the somites, to populate the skin where they give rise to pigment cells; cells migrating along the lateral pathway generate sensory and sympathetic ganglia and adrenal chromaffin cells, among others.
XAO:0000319
trunk crest
ISBN:0878933840
Trunk neural crest cells migrate along two major pathways: through the somites, to populate the skin where they give rise to pigment cells; cells migrating along the lateral pathway generate sensory and sympathetic ganglia and adrenal chromaffin cells, among others.
sensorial layer
The inner layer of ectoderm.
XAO:0000320
The inner layer of ectoderm.
XAO:curator
profundus ganglion
Type of ganglion that is separate distally from the trigeminal ganglia; they become fused at their proximal end as they condense.
XAO:0000323
cranial ganglion
profundus ganglia
profundus ganglia
PMID:21452441
Type of ganglion that is separate distally from the trigeminal ganglia; they become fused at their proximal end as they condense.
hypobranchial placode
A unique type of neurogenic placode, located ventral and caudal to the 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal pouches, which gives rise to small hypobranchial ganglia of yet unknown function.
XAO:0000324
A unique type of neurogenic placode, located ventral and caudal to the 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal pouches, which gives rise to small hypobranchial ganglia of yet unknown function.
PMID:12712315
left spleen primordium
Primordium of the spleen, which goes on to form the spleen proper, while the right splenic promordium degenerates.
XAO:0000326
spleen
Primordium of the spleen, which goes on to form the spleen proper, while the right splenic promordium degenerates.
XAO:curator
right spleen primordium
Transient splenic primordia that degenerates by NF stage 40.
XAO:0000327
spleen
Transient splenic primordia that degenerates by NF stage 40.
XAO:curator
spleen
AAO:0010395
Internal lymphoid organ derived from left spleen primordia beginning at NF stage 48.
XAO:0000328
Internal lymphoid organ derived from left spleen primordia beginning at NF stage 48.
XAO:curator
coelomic epithelium
The epithelial lining of the coelom.
XAO:0000329
The epithelial lining of the coelom.
XAO:curator
Mullerian duct
AAO:0010141
Transient developmental organ which gives rise to oviducts in female (documented to persist in some male frogs).
XAO:0000330
AAO:0010141
Transient developmental organ which gives rise to oviducts in female (documented to persist in some male frogs).
mesonephric early proximal tubule
AAO:0010392
Structure that is equivalent to the convoluted proximal tubule of metanephric nephrons.
XAO:0000331
Structure that is equivalent to the convoluted proximal tubule of metanephric nephrons.
XAO:curator
mesonephric late proximal tubule
AAO:0010394
Structure that is the mesonephros nephron's equivalent to the straight proximal segment of a metanephric nephron.
XAO:0000332
opisthonephros
proximal straight segment
Structure that is the mesonephros nephron's equivalent to the straight proximal segment of a metanephric nephron.
XAO:curator
mesonephric early distal tubule
AAO:0010391
The mesonephric equivalent of the ascending limb, or straight distal segment, of metanephric nephrons.
XAO:0000333
ascending limb
straight distal segment
The mesonephric equivalent of the ascending limb, or straight distal segment, of metanephric nephrons.
XAO:curator
mesonephric late distal segment
AAO:0010393
The site of bicarbonate resorption in the adult kidney. It is equivalent to the convoluted distal segment of metanephric nephrons.
XAO:0000334
The site of bicarbonate resorption in the adult kidney. It is equivalent to the convoluted distal segment of metanephric nephrons.
XAO:curator
fused heart primordium
AAO:0011044
The fused aspects of ventral mesoderm, which have migrated from either side of the prechordal plate, and fused ventrally, just behind the cement gland. They will give rise to the endocardium at NF stage 27&28.
XAO:0000336
heart
heart primordia
heart primordium
The fused aspects of ventral mesoderm, which have migrated from either side of the prechordal plate, and fused ventrally, just behind the cement gland. They will give rise to the endocardium at NF stage 27&28.
XAO:curator
endocardial tube
AAO:0010411
Regions in the embryo that consists of precursor cells for the development of the embryonic heart.
XAO:0000337
heart tube
Regions in the embryo that consists of precursor cells for the development of the embryonic heart.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocardial_heart_tubes
ventral aorta
AAO:0010412
The outlet of the embryonic heart; lies in the floor of the pharynx and conducts blood from the bulbus arteriosis to the aortic arches (1-6).
XAO:0000338
ISBN:0-02-377110-0
The outlet of the embryonic heart; lies in the floor of the pharynx and conducts blood from the bulbus arteriosis to the aortic arches (1-6).
left channel of ventral aorta
AAO:0010413
Of the paired ventral aortas in the tadpole, the one that branches into the left aortic arches.
XAO:0000339
Of the paired ventral aortas in the tadpole, the one that branches into the left aortic arches.
PMID:8928932
right channel of ventral aorta
AAO:0010424
Of the paired ventral aortas in the tadpole, the one that branches into the right aortic arches.
XAO:0000340
Of the paired ventral aortas in the tadpole, the one that branches into the right aortic arches.
PMID:8928932
aortic arch
AAO:0010414
One of a series of six paired embryological vascular structures which give rise to several major arteries.
XAO:0000341
aortic arches
One of a series of six paired embryological vascular structures which give rise to several major arteries.
UBERON:0004363
aortic arches
aortic arch 1
AAO:0010415
The anterior member of a series of six paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 1 that is part of mandibular arch.
XAO:0000342
first aortic arch
The anterior member of a series of six paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 1 that is part of mandibular arch.
XAO:curator
aortic arch 2
AAO:0010418
The second in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 2 that is part of hyoid arch.
XAO:0000343
second aortic arch
ISBN:0-02-377110-0
The second in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 2 that is part of hyoid arch.
aortic arch 3
AAO:0010419
The third in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 3 lies within the 3rd branchial arch and branches directly from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta, and are retained as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills in the adult.
XAO:0000344
third aortic arch
ISBN:0-02-377110-0
The third in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 3 lies within the 3rd branchial arch and branches directly from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta, and are retained as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills in the adult.
external carotid artery
AAO:0010416
The artery which arises from aortic arch 1 at NF stage 45 and delivers blood to the filter apparatus. It is visible as a bilateral pair of vessels on the ventral surface of the head, running between the heart and the tip of the jaw.
XAO:0000345
PMID:12606281
The artery which arises from aortic arch 1 at NF stage 45 and delivers blood to the filter apparatus. It is visible as a bilateral pair of vessels on the ventral surface of the head, running between the heart and the tip of the jaw.
larval aorta
AAO:0010423
The aorta of a postembryonic, hatched or immature tadpole, prior to metamorphosis.
XAO:0000349
The aorta of a postembryonic, hatched or immature tadpole, prior to metamorphosis.
XAO:curator
secondary vessel
XAO:0000351
true
aortic arch 5
AAO:0010421
The fifth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 5 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 6 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. Aortic arches 5 and 6 supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood.
XAO:0000352
fifth aortic arch
ISBN:0-02-377110-0
The fifth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 5 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 6 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. Aortic arches 5 and 6 supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood.
aortic arch 6
AAO:0010422
The sixth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 6 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 5 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. It forms part of the pulmonary arteries, and in the later embryo, the ductus arteriosis. Aortic arches 5 and 6 together supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood.
XAO:0000353
sixth aortic arch
ISBN:0-02-377110-0
The sixth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 6 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 5 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. It forms part of the pulmonary arteries, and in the later embryo, the ductus arteriosis. Aortic arches 5 and 6 together supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood.
posterior palatine artery
AAO:0010417
One of three branches of the internal carotid artery, the palatine artery supplies the mouth region.
XAO:0000354
One of three branches of the internal carotid artery, the palatine artery supplies the mouth region.
PMID:12606281
aortic arch 4
AAO:0010420
The forth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae, lies within the 4th branchial arch. The paired aortic arch 4 arteries branch directly from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta, and are retained as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills in the adult.
XAO:0000355
fourth aortic arch
systemic arch
ISBN:0-02-377110-0
The forth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae, lies within the 4th branchial arch. The paired aortic arch 4 arteries branch directly from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta, and are retained as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills in the adult.
vascular endothelium
Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart.
UBERON:0004638
XAO:0000356
vascular endothelia
vascular endothelia
Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart.
ZFA:0001639
arterial endothelium
AAO:0011013
The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.
XAO:0000357
endothelium of artery
The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.
XAO:curator
venous endothelium
AAO:0011110
Simple squamous epithelium which lines the veins.
XAO:0000358
Simple squamous epithelium which lines the veins.
XAO:EJS
arteria iliaca communis
The blood vessel that bifurcates from the aorta, and supplies the abdominal and pelvic regions.
UBERON:0001191
XAO:0000361
common iliac artery
ISBN:0-07-017977-8
The blood vessel that bifurcates from the aorta, and supplies the abdominal and pelvic regions.
coeliaco-mesenteric artery
AAO:0010499
Artery consisting of many branches which supply blood to various organs in the viscus. One of the major blood vessels, branching off the dorsal aorta and supplying the embryonic foregut organs- liver, stomach, intestine, spleen and pancreas.
XAO:0000362
AAO:0010499
Artery consisting of many branches which supply blood to various organs in the viscus. One of the major blood vessels, branching off the dorsal aorta and supplying the embryonic foregut organs- liver, stomach, intestine, spleen and pancreas.
ISBN:0-07-017977-8
occipitovertebral artery
One of paired arteries that extends dorsally from the systemic arch to supply the muscles of the jaw and back.
XAO:0000363
ISBN:0801836018
One of paired arteries that extends dorsally from the systemic arch to supply the muscles of the jaw and back.
caudal artery
AAO:0011023
CA
The posterior extension of the dorsal aorta to the tail region, which degenerates at metamorphosis.
XAO:0000364
ISBN:0-226-55763-4
The posterior extension of the dorsal aorta to the tail region, which degenerates at metamorphosis.
arteria subclavia
Artery that branches from either side of the dorsal aorta and delivers blood to the musculature of the shoulder region.
UBERON:0001533
XAO:0000365
subclavian artery
Artery that branches from either side of the dorsal aorta and delivers blood to the musculature of the shoulder region.
ISBN:0-07-017977-8
internal carotid artery
AAO:0011054
ICA
One of the major arteries of the head, it is the as the cranial continuation of the aortic arches and the dorsal aorta. It curves ventrally before resuming a dorsal course as it enters the head proper, and it lies ventral to the internal jugular vein. The internal carotid artery gives off palatine, ophthalmic, and cerebral branches by stage NF stage 41.
XAO:0000366
One of the major arteries of the head, it is the as the cranial continuation of the aortic arches and the dorsal aorta. It curves ventrally before resuming a dorsal course as it enters the head proper, and it lies ventral to the internal jugular vein. The internal carotid artery gives off palatine, ophthalmic, and cerebral branches by stage NF stage 41.
PMID:12606281
cerebral artery
AAO:0010493
The anterior continuation of the internal carotid artery, which gives off the nasociliary artery anterior to the eye.
XAO:0000367
PMID:12606281
The anterior continuation of the internal carotid artery, which gives off the nasociliary artery anterior to the eye.
ophthalmic artery
A branch of the internal carotid artery that delivers blood to the eye. Together with the opthalmic vein, form a double ring encircling the eye and retina. It enters the eye obliquely by crossing over the ophthalmic vein and the internal jugular vein.
AAO:0010497
XAO:0000368
A branch of the internal carotid artery that delivers blood to the eye. Together with the opthalmic vein, form a double ring encircling the eye and retina. It enters the eye obliquely by crossing over the ophthalmic vein and the internal jugular vein.
PMID:12606281
anterior palatine artery
One of three branches of the internal carotid artery, the palatine artery supplies the mouth region.
XAO:0000369
One of three branches of the internal carotid artery, the palatine artery supplies the mouth region.
PMID:12606281
arteria mesenterica posterior
The artery that supplies the network of blood vessels (the mesentry) to the large intestine.
UBERON:0005616
XAO:0000370
posterior mesenteric artery
ISBN:0-07-017977-8
The artery that supplies the network of blood vessels (the mesentry) to the large intestine.
right lymph heart
Lymph hearts are pulsatile organs, present in lower vertebrates, that function to propel lymph into the venous system. Two bilaterally symmetrical lymph hearts can be seen adjacent to the somites 3 and 4 by NF stage 40, and can be seen beating by NF stage 43.
XAO:0000371
Lymph hearts are pulsatile organs, present in lower vertebrates, that function to propel lymph into the venous system. Two bilaterally symmetrical lymph hearts can be seen adjacent to the somites 3 and 4 by NF stage 40, and can be seen beating by NF stage 43.
PMID:12606281
PMID:20067786
left lymph heart
Lymph hearts are pulsatile organs, present in lower vertebrates, that function to propel lymph into the venous system. Two bilaterally symmetrical lymph hearts can be seen adjacent to the somites 3 and 4 by NF stage 40, and can be seen beating by NF stage 43.
XAO:0000372
Lymph hearts are pulsatile organs, present in lower vertebrates, that function to propel lymph into the venous system. Two bilaterally symmetrical lymph hearts can be seen adjacent to the somites 3 and 4 by NF stage 40, and can be seen beating by NF stage 43.
PMID:12606281
PMID:20067786
duct of Cuvier
AAO:0011033
Bilaterally paired longitudinal vein; the anterior cardinal returns blood from the head, and the posterior cardinal returns it from the trunk; these two vessels join together on each side as the common cardinal vein, also known as the duct of Cuvier that leads to the heart's sinus venosus.
XAO:0000373
common cardinal vein
Bilaterally paired longitudinal vein; the anterior cardinal returns blood from the head, and the posterior cardinal returns it from the trunk; these two vessels join together on each side as the common cardinal vein, also known as the duct of Cuvier that leads to the heart's sinus venosus.
ZFA:0000186
dorsal lymph space
Large subdermal lymph-containing space located dorsally near the last vertebrae.
XAO:0000374
Large subdermal lymph-containing space located dorsally near the last vertebrae.
XAO:EJS
lymph vessel
A vessel that contains or conveys lymph.
AAO:0011005
XAO:0000375
lymphatic vessel
A vessel that contains or conveys lymph.
AAO:0011005
omphalomesenteric vein
Any of the veins in the embryo that return blood from the yolk sac to the heart or later to the portal vein.
XAO:0000376
Any of the veins in the embryo that return blood from the yolk sac to the heart or later to the portal vein.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/omphalomesenteric%20vein
capillary system of liver
AAO:0010404
The smallest of the blood vessels, parts of the microcirculation, of the liver.
XAO:0000377
liver capillary
The smallest of the blood vessels, parts of the microcirculation, of the liver.
XAO:curator
musculoabdominal vein
Ventrolateral component of the external jugular vein.
XAO:0000378
PMID:12606281
Ventrolateral component of the external jugular vein.
external jugular vein
AAO:0010508
One of the bilateral pairs of vessels are clearly seen on the ventral surface of the head, running between the heart and the tip of the jaw, and drains the filter apparatus. This vein is more developed by NF stage 45, when it crosses the head dorsolaterally to drain into the Duct of Cuvier and pronephric sinus.
XAO:0000379
external jugular
One of the bilateral pairs of vessels are clearly seen on the ventral surface of the head, running between the heart and the tip of the jaw, and drains the filter apparatus. This vein is more developed by NF stage 45, when it crosses the head dorsolaterally to drain into the Duct of Cuvier and pronephric sinus.
PMID:12606281
lateral postcardinal vein
Vein that first appears as disconnected portions lateral to the Wolffian ducts at NF stage 44, gradually becoming continuous. They come into communication with the medial postcardinals at the kidney sinus.
XAO:0000380
ISBN:0815318960
Vein that first appears as disconnected portions lateral to the Wolffian ducts at NF stage 44, gradually becoming continuous. They come into communication with the medial postcardinals at the kidney sinus.
mesonephric sinus
AAO:0011063
Sinus that surrounds the mesonephric tubules and puts lateral and medial postcardinal veins into communication with each other.
XAO:0000381
ISBN:0815318960
Sinus that surrounds the mesonephric tubules and puts lateral and medial postcardinal veins into communication with each other.
internal jugular vein
The main dorsal head vein, it drains into the Duct of Cuvier, and collects blood from the dorsal jaw region, cerebral veins, the ophthalmic vein and the short pharyngeal vein. It forms loop around the olfactory bulb by NF stage 43.
XAO:0000382
PMID:12606281
The main dorsal head vein, it drains into the Duct of Cuvier, and collects blood from the dorsal jaw region, cerebral veins, the ophthalmic vein and the short pharyngeal vein. It forms loop around the olfactory bulb by NF stage 43.
anterior cardinal vein
AAO:0011011
ACV
The anterior cardinal vein returns blood from the dorsal head and drains into the duct of Cuvier via the pronephric sinus.
XAO:0000383
PMID:12606281
The anterior cardinal vein returns blood from the dorsal head and drains into the duct of Cuvier via the pronephric sinus.
medial cardinal vein
Vein that gives rise to the interrenal vein and pronephric sinus.
XAO:0000384
Vein that gives rise to the interrenal vein and pronephric sinus.
XAO:EJS
pronephric sinus
AAO:0011092
The pronephric sinus drains into the heart via the Duct of Cuvier at stage 33&34. It is a system of vessels that initially swell from where the anterior and posterior cardinal veins meet before draining into the Duct of Cuvier ( the common cardinal vein), and then continue to narrow and fold into an characteristic S-shape by NF stage 37 and 38. It continues to loop on itself, at first a loose, then a dense knot of many vessels by NF stage 45.
XAO:0000385
PMID:12606281
The pronephric sinus drains into the heart via the Duct of Cuvier at stage 33&34. It is a system of vessels that initially swell from where the anterior and posterior cardinal veins meet before draining into the Duct of Cuvier ( the common cardinal vein), and then continue to narrow and fold into an characteristic S-shape by NF stage 37 and 38. It continues to loop on itself, at first a loose, then a dense knot of many vessels by NF stage 45.
interrenal vein
Vein formed from fusion of the posterior cardinal veins and that extends caudally.
XAO:0000386
ISBN:0226557626
Vein formed from fusion of the posterior cardinal veins and that extends caudally.
hepatic vein
AAO:0010216
Vein that carries blood away from the liver.
XAO:0000387
Vein that carries blood away from the liver.
ZFA:0000670
posterior vena cava
AAO:0011083
Vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the posterior part of the body to the sinus venosus.
XAO:0000388
Vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the posterior part of the body to the sinus venosus.
XAO:EJS
gastric vein
AAO:0011046
One of the veins of the alimentary system. The subintestinal vein is on the right side of the gut and drains the gastric vein on its right side by NF stage 43. The gastric veins carry blood low in oxygen from the surface of the stomach, draining into the left omphalomesenteric vein.
XAO:0000389
ISBN:0-226-55763-4
One of the veins of the alimentary system. The subintestinal vein is on the right side of the gut and drains the gastric vein on its right side by NF stage 43. The gastric veins carry blood low in oxygen from the surface of the stomach, draining into the left omphalomesenteric vein.
PMID:12606281
caudal vein
AAO:0011025
CV
Vein in the tail returning blood from the trunk and tail to the heart, leads directly into the posterior cardinal vein in the posterior trunk.
XAO:0000390
Vein in the tail returning blood from the trunk and tail to the heart, leads directly into the posterior cardinal vein in the posterior trunk.
XAO:curator
subinterstitial vein
Vein that carries away fluid in the interstitial spaces.
XAO:0000391
Vein that carries away fluid in the interstitial spaces.
XAO:curator
hepatic portal vein
AAO:0010214
Vein that starts in capillaries of the alimentary canal and ends in capillaries of the liver.
XAO:0000392
portal vein
Vein that starts in capillaries of the alimentary canal and ends in capillaries of the liver.
XAO:EJS
tail vein
AAO:0011105
Vein in the tail returning blood from the tail to the heart.
XAO:0000393
Vein in the tail returning blood from the tail to the heart.
ZFA:0000180
pulmonary vein
AAO:0010521
Any of the veins which collect blood from the lungs and some small vesicles received from the esophagus.
XAO:0000394
AAO:0010521
Any of the veins which collect blood from the lungs and some small vesicles received from the esophagus.
medial abdominal vein
Vein in the posterior region that drains the ventral abdominal wall.
XAO:0000395
ISBN:0815318960
Vein in the posterior region that drains the ventral abdominal wall.
head somite 1
Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 17 to 26 only.
XAO:0000396
somite W
PMID:2769206
somite W
Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 17 to 26 only.
XAO:curator
sclerotome
AAO:0010571
Somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0000397
sclerotomes
sclerotomes
Somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:curator
tendon fibroblast
An elongated fibroblast type cell, the cytoplasm of which is stretched between the collagen fibres of the tendon.
XAO:0000399
An elongated fibroblast type cell, the cytoplasm of which is stretched between the collagen fibres of the tendon.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendon_cell
sclerotomal cartilage
Sclerotome cells of the cartilage fate.
XAO:0000401
Sclerotome cells of the cartilage fate.
XAO:EJS
head somite 2
Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 18 to 29 only.
XAO:0000403
somite X
PMID:2769206
somite X
Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 18 to 29 only.
XAO:curator
head somite 3
Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 18 to 29/30 only.
XAO:0000404
somite Y
PMID:2769206
somite Y
Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 18 to 29/30 only.
XAO:curator
head somite 4
Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 19 to late 30's.
XAO:0000405
somite Z
Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 19 to late 30's.
XAO:curator
PMID:2769206
somite Z
trunk somite 1
Trunk somite that is initially the 5th somite, first forming around NF stage 19 and becoming more anteriorly positioned as the head somites degenerate. It is the most anterior somite by NF stage 45 and is adjacent to the otic vesicle.
XAO:0000406
fifth somite
ISBN:0815318960
Trunk somite that is initially the 5th somite, first forming around NF stage 19 and becoming more anteriorly positioned as the head somites degenerate. It is the most anterior somite by NF stage 45 and is adjacent to the otic vesicle.
trunk somite 2
Trunk somite that is initially the sixth somite.
XAO:0000407
ISBN:0815318960
Trunk somite that is initially the sixth somite.
trunk somite 3
The 1st somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:0000408
The 1st somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:EJS
trunk somite 4
The 2nd somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:0000409
The 2nd somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:EJS
trunk somite 5
The 3rd somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:0000410
The 3rd somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:EJS
trunk somite 6
The 4th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:0000411
The 4th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:EJS
trunk somite 7
The 5th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:0000412
The 5th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:EJS
sclerotomal mesenchyme
Mesenchymal cells that break from the sclerotome. Such cells migrate from the somite to surround the notochord.
XAO:0000414
ISBN:0123190606
Mesenchymal cells that break from the sclerotome. Such cells migrate from the somite to surround the notochord.
notochordal sheath
Mesenchymal covering surrounding the notochord, derived from sclerotomal mesenchyme.
XAO:0000415
Mesenchymal covering surrounding the notochord, derived from sclerotomal mesenchyme.
XAO:EJS
trunk somite 8
The 6th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:0000416
The 6th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:EJS
trunk somite 9
The 7th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:0000417
The 7th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:EJS
trunk somite 10
The 8th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:0000418
The 8th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:EJS
trunk somite 11
The 9th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:0000419
The 9th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:EJS
trunk somite 12
The 10th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:0000420
The 10th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:EJS
trunk somite 13
The 11th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:0000421
The 11th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:EJS
trunk somite 14
The 12th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:0000422
The 12th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:EJS
trunk somite 15
The 13th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:0000423
The 13th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:EJS
trunk somite 16
The 14th somite located posterior to the head. It forms at NF stage 28, by which time head somite 1 has degenerated.
XAO:0000424
The 14th somite located posterior to the head. It forms at NF stage 28, by which time head somite 1 has degenerated.
XAO:curator
trunk somite 17
The 15th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:0000425
The 15th somite located posterior to the head.
XAO:EJS
cranial nerve I
Cranial nerve that supplies the nasal organ.
XAO:0000426
ZFA:0000249
olfactory nerve
Cranial nerve that supplies the nasal organ.
ISBN:0471209627
gasserian ganglion
AAO:0011045
Sensory ganglion of the trigeminal nerve.
XAO:0000427
gasserian ganglia
gasserian ganglia
Sensory ganglion of the trigeminal nerve.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal_ganglion
trigeminal ganglion
A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear.
AAO:0011107
XAO:0000428
trigeminal ganglia
trigeminus ganglion
trigeminal ganglia
A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear.
UBERON:0001675
cranial nerve
Any of the major paired nerves of the head or cephalic region. Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. They are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.
UBERON:0001785
XAO:0000429
XAO:0003089
cephalic nerve
cranial nerves
Any of the major paired nerves of the head or cephalic region. Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. They are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.
XAO:curator
Rathke's pouch
A depression in the roof of the developing mouth in front of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It gives rise to the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), a part of the endocrine system.
AAO:0011094
XAO:0000430
A depression in the roof of the developing mouth in front of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It gives rise to the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), a part of the endocrine system.
UBERON:0005356
tooth
Each of a set of hard, bony enamel-coated structures in the jaws, used for biting.
XAO:0000431
dentition
teeth
AEO:0000220
Each of a set of hard, bony enamel-coated structures in the jaws, used for biting.
teeth
death
The end of the animal's life.
XAO:0000437
xenopus_developmental_stage
The end of the animal's life.
XAO:curator
filter chamber
The structure that enables tadpoles, which are suspension feeders, to trap food particles. The palatoquadrate, ceratohyal and the connecting muscles are responsible for the irrigation and ventilation of the filter apparatus.
XAO:0000439
coelom
coelomic filter chamber
filter apparatus
peribranchial chamber
The structure that enables tadpoles, which are suspension feeders, to trap food particles. The palatoquadrate, ceratohyal and the connecting muscles are responsible for the irrigation and ventilation of the filter apparatus.
XAO:curator
lateral line placode
Thickened placodal areas located anterior and posterior to the otic vesicle. In Xenopus, there are 5 distinct lateral line placodes, each gives rise to a single lateral line nerve that will innervate lateral line hair cells and convey information on motion to the adjacent hindbrain.
XAO:0000440
lateral line
lateral line placodes
ISBN:0878933840
Thickened placodal areas located anterior and posterior to the otic vesicle. In Xenopus, there are 5 distinct lateral line placodes, each gives rise to a single lateral line nerve that will innervate lateral line hair cells and convey information on motion to the adjacent hindbrain.
lateral line placodes
infraorbital lateral line primordium
Lateral line primordium which migrates ventrad along the posterior and ventral margin of the eye.
XAO:0000441
Lateral line primordium which migrates ventrad along the posterior and ventral margin of the eye.
PMID:2652193
supraorbital lateral line
AAO:0011103
Lateral line situated along the dorsal margin of the eye.
XAO:0000442
Lateral line situated along the dorsal margin of the eye.
PMID:2652193
trunk lateral line
A lateral line that is present on the trunk of the organism.
XAO:0000443
A lateral line that is present on the trunk of the organism.
XAO:EJS
thyroid primordium
AAO:0011106
The initial thyroid precursor, which arises from the ventral aspect of the second pharyngeal pouch.
XAO:0000444
thyroid
The initial thyroid precursor, which arises from the ventral aspect of the second pharyngeal pouch.
UBERON:0003091
taste bud
AAO:0010573
The organ used for chemoreception.
XAO:0000445
AAO:0010573
The organ used for chemoreception.
tongue
AAO:0010360
The movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth.
XAO:0000446
The movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth.
UBERON:0001723
branchial arch 1
AAO:0010365
The most anterior, or first, pharygeal/branchial arch, composed of the mandibular process, forming the posterior border of the stomodeum, and the maxillary process anterior to the stomodeum, contains the first aortic arch.
XAO:0000447
first branchial arch
third visceral arch
ISBN:0-02-377110-0
The most anterior, or first, pharygeal/branchial arch, composed of the mandibular process, forming the posterior border of the stomodeum, and the maxillary process anterior to the stomodeum, contains the first aortic arch.
gill primordium
A swelling from the 3rd visceral arch at NF stage 35&36, which co-occurs with a depression between the 3rd and 6th, forming the external gills by NF stage 39.
XAO:0000448
external gill anlage
gill
A swelling from the 3rd visceral arch at NF stage 35&36, which co-occurs with a depression between the 3rd and 6th, forming the external gills by NF stage 39.
XAO:curator
branchial arch 2
AAO:0010366
The second pharyngeal/branchial arch; arises as a thickening of the pharygeal wall between the first and second branchial clefts; contains the second aortic arch; forms part of the hyoid bone, tongue and facial musculature.
XAO:0000449
fourth visceral arch
second branchial arch
ISBN:0-02-377110-0
The second pharyngeal/branchial arch; arises as a thickening of the pharygeal wall between the first and second branchial clefts; contains the second aortic arch; forms part of the hyoid bone, tongue and facial musculature.
branchial arch 3
AAO:0010367
The third in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the third aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, forms and supports the gills.
XAO:0000451
fifth visceral arch
third branchial arch
ISBN:0-02-377110-0
The third in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the third aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, forms and supports the gills.
ultimobranchial body
AAO:0010547
Anatomical structure which includes small, calcitonin producing glands originating as epithelial growths from the sixth pharyngeal pouch.
XAO:0000452
AAO:0010547
Anatomical structure which includes small, calcitonin producing glands originating as epithelial growths from the sixth pharyngeal pouch.
branchial arch 4
AAO:0010368
The forth in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the forth aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, forms and supports the gills.
XAO:0000453
fourth branchial arch
sixth visceral arch
ISBN:0-02-377110-0
The forth in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the forth aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, forms and supports the gills.
liver parenchyme
AAO:0010405
The functional units of the liver including the lobules.
XAO:0000454
The functional units of the liver including the lobules.
UBERON:0001280
biliary tree
AAO:0011020
Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consist of the bile ducts.
XAO:0000455
biliary tract
Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consist of the bile ducts.
UBERON:0001173
pyloric sphincter
AAO:0011093
Sphincter muscle that is part of the pyloric region of the stomach.
XAO:0000457
Sphincter muscle that is part of the pyloric region of the stomach.
UBERON:0001202
occipital lateral line
A short lateral line that extends from the ear in a posterior-dorsal direction.
AAO:0011075
XAO:0000458
A short lateral line that extends from the ear in a posterior-dorsal direction.
PMID:2652193
infraorbital lateral line
AAO:0011053
Lateral line situated along the posterior and ventral margin of the eye.
XAO:0000459
Lateral line situated along the posterior and ventral margin of the eye.
PMID:2652193
hyomandibular lateral line
Lateral line complex that radiates on the ventral side of the head from a point between the eye and the base of the larval tentacle.
XAO:0000460
Lateral line complex that radiates on the ventral side of the head from a point between the eye and the base of the larval tentacle.
PMID:2652193
trunk placode
Thickened plate of ectoderm that contributes to the formation of the dorsal, middle, or ventral lateral line.
XAO:0000461
Thickened plate of ectoderm that contributes to the formation of the dorsal, middle, or ventral lateral line.
XAO:EJS
dorsal lateral line
AAO:0011030
The dorsal most of the sensory system on the surface of the tadpole consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the tadpole through the water, as well as facilitating schooling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.
XAO:0000462
The dorsal most of the sensory system on the surface of the tadpole consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the tadpole through the water, as well as facilitating schooling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.
XAO:curator
middle lateral line
A lateral line that extends from the ear in a posterior direction between the upper and lower lateral lines.
XAO:0000463
ZFA:0000344
A lateral line that extends from the ear in a posterior direction between the upper and lower lateral lines.
PMID:2652193
ventral lateral line
Ventrally located lateral line that runs over the abdomen.
XAO:0000464
Ventrally located lateral line that runs over the abdomen.
XAO:EJS
caudal lateral line
AAO:0011024
Cranial nerve of the caudal lateral line enters the brain between cranial nerves VIII and IX; contains afferents and sensory efferents to the posterior lateral line ganglion and middle ganglion. Fibers from the posterior lateral line ganglion innervate the occipital dorsal lateral line and trunk lateral lines.
XAO:0000465
Cranial nerve of the caudal lateral line enters the brain between cranial nerves VIII and IX; contains afferents and sensory efferents to the posterior lateral line ganglion and middle ganglion. Fibers from the posterior lateral line ganglion innervate the occipital dorsal lateral line and trunk lateral lines.
XAO:curator
dorsal pancreatic bud
AAO:0011031
The pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.
XAO:0000467
pancreas
primary pancreatic bud
The pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.
XAO:curator
dorsal tail fin
AAO:0010203
The dorsal part of the tail fin.
XAO:0000469
The dorsal part of the tail fin.
XAO:EJS
unicellular gland
AAO:0010377
Any of the large number of glands of the larval skin, particularly common in the fins and adjacent skin of the trunk; also formed in the former frontal gland area on the upper jaw.
XAO:0000470
Any of the large number of glands of the larval skin, particularly common in the fins and adjacent skin of the trunk; also formed in the former frontal gland area on the upper jaw.
ISBN:0815318960
xanthophore
A type of colored melanophore (mobile pigment cells of the dermis and epidermis) that contain fat-soluble carotenoids (obtained from the diet) and pteridines (synthesised from the cell) which are stored in pterinosomes. Their color depends on the pattern of carotenoids and pteridines. Xanthophores are rarely found in pre-metamorphic larvae.
CL:0000430
XAO:0000471
A type of colored melanophore (mobile pigment cells of the dermis and epidermis) that contain fat-soluble carotenoids (obtained from the diet) and pteridines (synthesised from the cell) which are stored in pterinosomes. Their color depends on the pattern of carotenoids and pteridines. Xanthophores are rarely found in pre-metamorphic larvae.
CL:0000430
ISBN:0-226-55763-4
iridophore
A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. The cell contains flat light-reflecting platelets, probably of guanine, in stacks called reflecting platets or iridisomes. The color-generating components produce a silver, gold, or iridescent color.
CL:0000431
XAO:0000472
guanophore
A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. The cell contains flat light-reflecting platelets, probably of guanine, in stacks called reflecting platets or iridisomes. The color-generating components produce a silver, gold, or iridescent color.
AAO:0010318
choroid fissure
A break in the continuity of the optic cup where the two sides of the cup meet.
AAO:0011026
XAO:0000474
optic fissure
ventral choroidal fissure
A break in the continuity of the optic cup where the two sides of the cup meet.
ISBN:0815318960
optic stalk
AAO:0011077
Neural tissue comprising the proximal part of either of the optic vesicles as they project towards the sides of the head; it remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk (the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb).
XAO:0000475
Neural tissue comprising the proximal part of either of the optic vesicles as they project towards the sides of the head; it remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk (the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb).
UBERON:0003098
XAO:curator
cranial neural crest
AAO:0010580
CNC
The most anterior of 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest, which are intially part of the neural epithelium. CNC cells migrate through the extracelluar matrix in 4 highly conserved streams: the mandibular crest, hyoid crest, anterior branchial crest and the posterior branchial crest.
XAO:0001001
cephalic neural crest
head crest
The most anterior of 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest, which are intially part of the neural epithelium. CNC cells migrate through the extracelluar matrix in 4 highly conserved streams: the mandibular crest, hyoid crest, anterior branchial crest and the posterior branchial crest.
XAO:curator
lung primordium
A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment representing the primordia of the lungs, formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum.
AAO:0011059
XAO:0001002
lateral diverticula
lung
A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment representing the primordia of the lungs, formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum.
ISBN:0815318960
circulatory system
AAO:0000959
Anatomical system that has as its parts the blood and lymph vessels.
XAO:0001010
vascular system
Anatomical system that has as its parts the blood and lymph vessels.
XAO:curator
blood vessel
AAO:0011004
Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body.
XAO:0001011
blood vessels
vasculature
Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body.
BTO:0001102
blood vessels
Stirnorgan
Structure that is part of the pineal system, is located in the skin on the dorsal surface of the head, and is exposed continuously to ambient illumination.
XAO:0001012
frontal organ
Structure that is part of the pineal system, is located in the skin on the dorsal surface of the head, and is exposed continuously to ambient illumination.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00663609
musculature of face
The facial muscles are a group of striated muscles innervated by the facial nerves.
UBERON:0004473
XAO:0001013
facial muscle
facial muscles
facial muscles
The facial muscles are a group of striated muscles innervated by the facial nerves.
XAO:curator
melanophore
A pigment cell that contains melanin, a brownish-black pigment.
CL:0000148
XAO:0001014
melanocyte
A pigment cell that contains melanin, a brownish-black pigment.
NLM:melanophore
rectal diverticulum
An outgrowth of the cloaca that links the pronephric kidney to the exterior.
UBERON:0006172
XAO:0001015
rectal diverticula
rectal diverticula
An outgrowth of the cloaca that links the pronephric kidney to the exterior.
UBERON:0006172
abdominal myoblast
AAO:0010314
The myoblast that forms the muscles of the anterior abdominal walls.
XAO:0001016
abdominal musculature
AAO:0010314
The myoblast that forms the muscles of the anterior abdominal walls.
connective tissue
Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.
VSAO:0000017
XAO:0001017
portion of connective tissue
Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.
ZFA:0001632
anterior lymph sac
The protrusion of mesenchymal tissue of the anterior cardinal vein which form lymph sacs.
XAO:0001018
rostral lymph sac
PMID:17062017
The protrusion of mesenchymal tissue of the anterior cardinal vein which form lymph sacs.
proctodeum
AAO:0011087
Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage. The most posterior section of the gut.
XAO:0001019
anus
anus porus
proctodaeum
vent
Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage. The most posterior section of the gut.
ZFA:0000066
elastica externa
Notochordal membrane covering derived from notochordal epithelium. Its first indication is at NF stage 24, and it is a distinct membrane by NF stage 28.
XAO:0001020
notochordal sheath
ISBN:0815318960
Notochordal membrane covering derived from notochordal epithelium. Its first indication is at NF stage 24, and it is a distinct membrane by NF stage 28.
notochordal epithelium
Outer layer of cells of the differentiating notochord, which give rise to the elastica externa and interna.
XAO:0001021
Outer layer of cells of the differentiating notochord, which give rise to the elastica externa and interna.
http://dev.biologists.org/content/1/4/411.abstract
first pancreatic bud
AAO:0011040
One of two pancreatic primordia that give rise to a ventral pancreatic bud.
XAO:0001101
pancreas
One of two pancreatic primordia that give rise to a ventral pancreatic bud.
XAO:EJS
second pancreatic bud
Second of two pancreatic primordia that give rise to a ventral pancreatic bud.
XAO:0001102
pancreas
Second of two pancreatic primordia that give rise to a ventral pancreatic bud.
XAO:EJS
ventral pancreatic bud
AAO:0011111
Either of the two ventral pancreas rudiments that join and fuse with the right end of the dorsal pancreatic rudiment.
XAO:0001103
pancreas
Either of the two ventral pancreas rudiments that join and fuse with the right end of the dorsal pancreatic rudiment.
ISBN:0815318960
pronephric kidney
AAO:0011089
Organ that serves as a transient kidney, providing osmoregulation during early developmental stages and then degenerating during metamorphosis.
XAO:0002000
pronephros
Organ that serves as a transient kidney, providing osmoregulation during early developmental stages and then degenerating during metamorphosis.
XAO:curator
anatomical structure
CARO:0000003
Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
XAO:0003000
CARO:0000003
Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
anatomical group
Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue.
CARO:0000054
XAO:0003001
Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue.
CARO:0000054
anatomical system
Anatomical group that has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity.
CARO:0000011
XAO:0003002
Anatomical group that has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity.
CARO:0000011
unspecified
Annotation of data with this anatomy term indicates that a structure or tissue was not specified by the investigator.
XAO:0003003
whole organism
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of Xenopus laevis.
CARO:0000012
XAO:0003004
ubiquitous
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of Xenopus laevis.
CARO:0000012
female organism
CARO:0000028
Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes.
XAO:0003005
CARO:0000028
Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes.
male organism
CARO:0000027
Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes.
XAO:0003006
CARO:0000027
Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes.
anatomical entity in vitro
An experimentally manipulated tissue, or portion of the developing embryo, that can be culture alone, in vitro.
XAO:0003007
xenopus_anatomy_in_vitro
An experimentally manipulated tissue, or portion of the developing embryo, that can be culture alone, in vitro.
XAO:curator
activin-induced ectoderm
Ectoderm section that has been dissected from the embryo, and treated with activin, and maintained in vitro.
XAO:0003008
xenopus_anatomy_in_vitro
Ectoderm section that has been dissected from the embryo, and treated with activin, and maintained in vitro.
PMID:14061885
disaggregated/reaggregated ectoderm treated with activin
At stage 8 ectoderm of Xenopus laevis embryos were cut and disaggregated. The cells were treated with activin at a concentration to induce endodermal tissue. Afterwards the reaggregated cells were cultured until control sibling embryos reaching stage 12/13.
XAO:0003009
xenopus_anatomy_in_vitro
At stage 8 ectoderm of Xenopus laevis embryos were cut and disaggregated. The cells were treated with activin at a concentration to induce endodermal tissue. Afterwards the reaggregated cells were cultured until control sibling embryos reaching stage 12/13.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/UniGene/library.cgi?ORG=Xl&LID=1962
aorta
AAO:0010213
The main artery of the circulatory system which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all the arteries of the body except those of the lungs.
XAO:0003010
AAO:0010213
The main artery of the circulatory system which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all the arteries of the body except those of the lungs.
primary germ layer
A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm.
AAO:0000480
XAO:0003011
embryonic germ layer
germ layer
A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm.
BTO:0000556
cell
Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
CARO:0000013
XAO:0003012
Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
GO:0005623
organism subdivision
Anatomical structure that is a primary subdivision of the whole organism.
CARO:0000032
XAO:0003013
body part
Anatomical structure that is a primary subdivision of the whole organism.
CARO:0000032
pigment cell
CL:0000147
Cell type that contains a deposition of coloring matter, the first of which differentiate during late tailbud stage, and that by NF stage 56 has produced a fully differentiated larval pigmentation pattern.
XAO:0003014
chromatophore
Cell type that contains a deposition of coloring matter, the first of which differentiate during late tailbud stage, and that by NF stage 56 has produced a fully differentiated larval pigmentation pattern.
ISBN:0815318960
NLM:pigment+cell
myoblast
CL:0000056
Embryonic (precursor) cell of the myogenic lineage that develops from the mesoderm.
XAO:0003015
CL:0000056
Embryonic (precursor) cell of the myogenic lineage that develops from the mesoderm.
blastomere
CL:0000353
Undifferentiated cell that is produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote).
XAO:0003016
CL:0000353
Undifferentiated cell that is produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote).
fibroblast
A connective tissue cell that secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
CL:0000057
XAO:0003017
A connective tissue cell that secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
CL:0000057
primary spermatogonium
A germ cell that is a primordial spermatocyte in a male and that develops into secondary spermatogonia by mitotic division.
AAO:0010298
XAO:0003018
primary spermatogonia
primary spermatogonia
A germ cell that is a primordial spermatocyte in a male and that develops into secondary spermatogonia by mitotic division.
ISSN:0289-0003
spermatocyte
CL:0000017
The developing male gamete.
XAO:0003019
The developing male gamete.
XAO:curator
secondary spermatogonium
A type of germ cell that results from the mitotic division of a primary spermatogonium.
AAO:0010300
XAO:0003020
secondary spermatogonia
secondary spermatogonia
A type of germ cell that results from the mitotic division of a primary spermatogonium.
ISSN:0289-0003
spinal cord neuron
XAO:0003021
true
Rohon-Beard neuron
CL:0000247
Rohon Beard cell
Type of neuron that is a primary mechanosensory cell, with peripheral neurites innervating the skin with free nerve endings. It first appears in trunk levels at NF stage 33/34, and at NF stage 35/36 has somas that are the largest in the spinal cord. It forms a nearly continuous double row of cells along the cord's medial dorsal surface and contributes ascending and descending axons to the dorsal tract. It appears well back in the tail by NF stage 39, begins to decline at NF stage 50 and is few in number, with pycnotic nuclei, at NF stage 55.
XAO:0003022
ISBN:0815318960
PMID:17506218
Type of neuron that is a primary mechanosensory cell, with peripheral neurites innervating the skin with free nerve endings. It first appears in trunk levels at NF stage 33/34, and at NF stage 35/36 has somas that are the largest in the spinal cord. It forms a nearly continuous double row of cells along the cord's medial dorsal surface and contributes ascending and descending axons to the dorsal tract. It appears well back in the tail by NF stage 39, begins to decline at NF stage 50 and is few in number, with pycnotic nuclei, at NF stage 55.
neuron
CL:0000540
Cell that is the basic unit of nervous tissue, each consisting of a body, an axon, and dendrites, and the purpose of which is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
XAO:0003023
nerve cell
CL:0000540
Cell that is the basic unit of nervous tissue, each consisting of a body, an axon, and dendrites, and the purpose of which is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
head
AAO:0010335
Organism subdivision that is the part of the body consisting of the cranial and pharyngeal regions.
XAO:0003024
AAO:0010335
Organism subdivision that is the part of the body consisting of the cranial and pharyngeal regions.
trunk
AAO:0010339
Organism subdivision that is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.
XAO:0003025
Organism subdivision that is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.
ZFA:0001115
tail
AAO:0010338
Organism subdivision that is the terminal, flexible posterior appendage of the larva. It is resorbed during metamorphosis beginning with degeneration of the notochord's distal tip at NF stage 61, followed by degeneration gradually extending to its more proximal regions and reaching its proximal end by NF stage 62. By NF stage 66 it exists only as a small dorsal swelling.
XAO:0003026
ISBN:0471209627
OMD:tail
Organism subdivision that is the terminal, flexible posterior appendage of the larva. It is resorbed during metamorphosis beginning with degeneration of the notochord's distal tip at NF stage 61, followed by degeneration gradually extending to its more proximal regions and reaching its proximal end by NF stage 62. By NF stage 66 it exists only as a small dorsal swelling.
limb
AAO:0010336
Organism subdivision that has as its parts the jointed appendages used for locomotion and manipulation.
XAO:0003027
Organism subdivision that has as its parts the jointed appendages used for locomotion and manipulation.
XAO:curator
surface structure
AAO:0010337
Organism subdivision that is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.
XAO:0003028
Organism subdivision that is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.
ZFA:0000292
mouth
AAO:0010355
Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.
XAO:0003029
AAO:0010355
Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.
forelimb
AAO:0000205
One of the pair of limbs that are situated anteriorly, develop in sacs that separate them from the gill chamber, are well-defined buds by NF stage 48, are innervated by NF stage 51, and are ossified by NF stage 59.
XAO:0003030
anterior limb
fore limb
BTO:0001729
ISBN:0471209627
One of the pair of limbs that are situated anteriorly, develop in sacs that separate them from the gill chamber, are well-defined buds by NF stage 48, are innervated by NF stage 51, and are ossified by NF stage 59.
hindlimb
AAO:0000219
One of the pair of limbs that are situated posteriorly, are evident as buds laterally by NF stage 47, and are innervated by NF stage 51.
XAO:0003031
hind limb
posterior limb
ISBN:0471209627
One of the pair of limbs that are situated posteriorly, are evident as buds laterally by NF stage 47, and are innervated by NF stage 51.
digit
One of several most distal parts of a limb.
UBERON:0002544
XAO:0003032
One of several most distal parts of a limb.
UBERON:0002544
nostril
AAO:0010358
Surface structure that provides one of the small external openings of the head that give passage to air for breathing.
XAO:0003033
OMD:nostril
Surface structure that provides one of the small external openings of the head that give passage to air for breathing.
viscus
An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper.
BTO:0001491
XAO:0003034
viscera
viscera
An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper.
BTO:0001491
hind digit
A digit that is one of several most distal parts of a hind limb.
AAO:0000888
XAO:0003035
toe
A digit that is one of several most distal parts of a hind limb.
XAO:curator
fore digit
A digit that is one of several most distal parts of a forelimb.
AAO:0000857
XAO:0003036
A digit that is one of several most distal parts of a forelimb.
XAO:curator
multi-tissue structure
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types.
CARO:0000055
XAO:0003037
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types.
CARO:0000055
simple organ
CARO:0000021
Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ.
XAO:0003038
CARO:0000021
Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ.
compound organ component
CARO:0000019
Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ.
XAO:0003039
CARO:0000019
Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ.
portion of tissue
Anatomical structure that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships.
CARO:0000043
XAO:0003040
Anatomical structure that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships.
CARO:0000043
compound organ
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types.
CARO:0000024
XAO:0003041
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types.
CARO:0000024
embryonic structure
AAO:0000138
An anatomical structure that exists only before the organism is fully formed.
XAO:0003042
An anatomical structure that exists only before the organism is fully formed.
BTO:0000174
primordium
An embryonic structure that is the rudiment or commencement of a part or organ.
UBERON:0001048
XAO:0003043
primordia
An embryonic structure that is the rudiment or commencement of a part or organ.
UBERON:0001048
primordia
endomesoderm
AAO:0010619
Primary germ layer that can give rise to both mesoderm and endoderm.
XAO:0003044
mesendoderm
Primary germ layer that can give rise to both mesoderm and endoderm.
XAO:curator
epithelium
CARO:0000066
Portion of tissue that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and that is underlain by a basal lamina.
XAO:0003045
CARO:0000066
Portion of tissue that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and that is underlain by a basal lamina.
mesenchyme
AAO:0010427
Portion of embryonic tissue consisting of loosely organized, undifferentiated mesodermal or neural crest derived cells, that have specific properties (they are migratory, have no polarity). Mesenchyme cells are incorporated into a wide variety of structures including connective tissue, blood, bone and cartilage as development continues.
XAO:0003046
mesenchymal tissue
AAO:0010427
Portion of embryonic tissue consisting of loosely organized, undifferentiated mesodermal or neural crest derived cells, that have specific properties (they are migratory, have no polarity). Mesenchyme cells are incorporated into a wide variety of structures including connective tissue, blood, bone and cartilage as development continues.
XAO:CJZ
nerve
AAO:0011070
Portion of tissue that consists of a fasciculated group of axons.
XAO:0003047
Portion of tissue that consists of a fasciculated group of axons.
XAO:curator
egg
A mature female germ cell that is capable of initiating formation of a new individual by fusion with a male gamete.
CL:0000025
XAO:0003048
ovum
unfertilized egg
A mature female germ cell that is capable of initiating formation of a new individual by fusion with a male gamete.
NLM:gamete
adipose tissue
AAO:0000001
Connective tissue in which fat is stored.
XAO:0003049
Connective tissue in which fat is stored.
NLM:adipose+tissue
fat body
AAO:0000157
Anatomical structure associated with the gonads which vary in form among amphibians but are primarily composed of adipose tissue and are thought to be a source of nutrients for the gonads. A body of adipose tissue, in the form of finger-like projections, usually associated with the anterior end of the testis and ovaries. Fat bodies are suspended from the body wall by dorsal mesentry which is fused with the gonadal mesentry (the mesovarium or mesorchidium).
XAO:0003050
AAO:0000157
Anatomical structure associated with the gonads which vary in form among amphibians but are primarily composed of adipose tissue and are thought to be a source of nutrients for the gonads. A body of adipose tissue, in the form of finger-like projections, usually associated with the anterior end of the testis and ovaries. Fat bodies are suspended from the body wall by dorsal mesentry which is fused with the gonadal mesentry (the mesovarium or mesorchidium).
ISBN:0-07-017977-8
dorsal lateral plate region
AAO:0011008
AGM region
DLP
Region located near the pronephros and pronephric ducts that is a site of hematopoiesis in the embryo.
XAO:0003051
aorta-gonads-mesonephros region
PMID:9618755
Region located near the pronephros and pronephric ducts that is a site of hematopoiesis in the embryo.
oviduct
A simple ciliated tube through which the ovum travels from the ovaries to the cloaca and the external environment. It is lined with mucus-secreting glands that produce the jelly that surrounds the ovum.
AAO:0010533
XAO:0003052
A simple ciliated tube through which the ovum travels from the ovaries to the cloaca and the external environment. It is lined with mucus-secreting glands that produce the jelly that surrounds the ovum.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oviduct
Keller explant
A rectangle of dorsal mesendoderm and ectoderm from an early-gastrula-stage Xenopus laevis embryo. It is approximately 60 deg to 90 deg wide, extending from the bottle cells to the animal pole.
XAO:0003053
xenopus_anatomy_in_vitro
A rectangle of dorsal mesendoderm and ectoderm from an early-gastrula-stage Xenopus laevis embryo. It is approximately 60 deg to 90 deg wide, extending from the bottle cells to the animal pole.
ISBN:9780879695040
stem cell
A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
CL:0000034
XAO:0003054
A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
CL:0000034
hematopoietic stem cell
A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system.
CL:0000037
HSC
XAO:0003055
A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system.
CL:0000037
ZFA:0009014
anterior
Spatial concept denoting the front surface of the body; often used to indicate the position of one structure relative to another.
XAO:0003056
NCIt:Anterior
Spatial concept denoting the front surface of the body; often used to indicate the position of one structure relative to another.
posterior
Spatial concept denoting the back surface of the body.
XAO:0003057
NCIt:Posterior
Spatial concept denoting the back surface of the body.
larval structure
XAO:0003058
true
chondrocranium
AAO:0010169
Structure consisting of a cartilaginous skull that begins to form during early tadpole stage.
XAO:0003059
cartilaginous skull
ISBN:0471209627
Structure consisting of a cartilaginous skull that begins to form during early tadpole stage.
skeletal system
Anatomical system that provides physical support to the organism.
VSAO:0000027
XAO:0003060
AAO:0000566
Anatomical system that provides physical support to the organism.
forelimb skeleton
AAO:0000202
Skeletal structure of the paired, anterior appendages.
XAO:0003061
AAO:0000202
Skeletal structure of the paired, anterior appendages.
hindlimb skeleton
AAO:0000217
Skeletal structure of the paired, posterior appendages.
XAO:0003062
hind limb skeleton
AAO:0000217
Skeletal structure of the paired, posterior appendages.
pectoral girdle
AAO:0000422
Arched skeletal structure that supports the forelimbs, the rudiments of which can be distinguished in mesenchyme at NF stage 51, and is complete by NF stage 60.
XAO:0003063
shoulder girdle
Arched skeletal structure that supports the forelimbs, the rudiments of which can be distinguished in mesenchyme at NF stage 51, and is complete by NF stage 60.
ISBN:0471209627
NLM:pectoral+girdle
pelvic girdle
AAO:0000426
Arched skeletal structure that supports the hind limbs, begins to develop at NF stage 50, and is ossified by NF stage 66.
XAO:0003064
Arched skeletal structure that supports the hind limbs, begins to develop at NF stage 50, and is ossified by NF stage 66.
ISBN:0471209627
NLM:pelvic+girdle
forelimb bud
AAO:0010381
The anterior limb bud which develops into the fore limb; oval shaped in dorsal aspect by NF stage 50, and paddle shaped by NF stage 53; all four fingers and melanophores apparent by NF stage 54.
XAO:0003065
The anterior limb bud which develops into the fore limb; oval shaped in dorsal aspect by NF stage 50, and paddle shaped by NF stage 53; all four fingers and melanophores apparent by NF stage 54.
XAO:curator
hindlimb bud
AAO:0010382
The bilateral thickening of the ectoderm in the region of the first noticeable at NF stage 47, and innervated by NF stage 51. The hind limb buds develop before the forelimb buds.
XAO:0003066
hind limb bud
The bilateral thickening of the ectoderm in the region of the first noticeable at NF stage 47, and innervated by NF stage 51. The hind limb buds develop before the forelimb buds.
XAO:curator
fore epipodium
XAO:0003067
XAO:0004297
true
fore mesopodium
XAO:0003068
XAO:0003207
true
hind propodium
XAO:0003069
XAO:0004296
true
hind metapodium
XAO:0003070
XAO:0003212
true
fore propodium
XAO:0003071
XAO:0004295
true
hind epipodium
XAO:0003072
XAO:0004298
true
postcranial axial skeleton
Skeletal structure that has as its parts the vertebral column, located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and formed by a series of vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord.
VSAO:0000093
XAO:0003073
axial skeleton
AAO:0000034
Skeletal structure that has as its parts the vertebral column, located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and formed by a series of vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord.
vertebral column
Anatomical cluster that consists of all the vertebra in the body.
XAO:0003074
ZFA:0001559
Anatomical cluster that consists of all the vertebra in the body.
VAO:0000185
cranium
AAO:0000109
Skeletal system that is part of the head, including the splanchnocranium, chondrocranium, and dermatocranium.
XAO:0003075
cranial skeleton
Skeletal system that is part of the head, including the splanchnocranium, chondrocranium, and dermatocranium.
XAO:curator
cervical vertebra
The single vertebra that is immediately posterior to the skull, specifically the atlas, and lacks ribs.
XAO:0003076
atlas
ISBN:0-07-017977-8
The single vertebra that is immediately posterior to the skull, specifically the atlas, and lacks ribs.
presacral vertebra
AAO:0000612
Any of the several vertebrae anterior to the pelvic or sacral region of the vertebral column.
XAO:0003077
Any of the several vertebrae anterior to the pelvic or sacral region of the vertebral column.
XAO:EJS
sacral vertebra
Vertebra of the pelvic region of the vertebral column.
XAO:0003078
Vertebra of the pelvic region of the vertebral column.
XAO:EJS
caudal vertebra
The bones that make up the tail region of the tadpole.
XAO:0003079
ZFA:0000326
The bones that make up the tail region of the tadpole.
XAO:curator
urostyle
AAO:0000732
Rodlike caudal bony structure unique to anurans that lies within a compartment formed by the elongated, anteriorly oriented pelvic girdle. The urostyle is formed by the fusion of the coccyx and the hypochord.
XAO:0003080
AAO:0000732
Rodlike caudal bony structure unique to anurans that lies within a compartment formed by the elongated, anteriorly oriented pelvic girdle. The urostyle is formed by the fusion of the coccyx and the hypochord.
larynx
AAO:0000268
Anatomical structure consisting of a narrowly triangular chamber supported by a series of semicircular cartilages in which part of the sound-production system is located.
XAO:0003081
AAO:0000268
Anatomical structure consisting of a narrowly triangular chamber supported by a series of semicircular cartilages in which part of the sound-production system is located.
sucker
XAO:0000033
XAO:0003082
true
braincase and otic capsule skeleton
AAO:0000052
Skeleton encasing the brain and auditory apparatus.
XAO:0003083
ISBN:0-07-017977-8
Skeleton encasing the brain and auditory apparatus.
lower jaw
AAO:0000272
The ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arch.
XAO:0003084
ventral mandibular arch
TAO:0001273
The ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arch.
Meckel's cartilage
AAO:0000289
Paired cartilaginous component of the lower jaw that fuses together through a median inferior labial cartilage, resulting in a single curved bar of cartilage by metamorphic climax. During metamorphosis it is surrounded by the developing dentale and goniale.
XAO:0003085
cm
PMID:3693112
Paired cartilaginous component of the lower jaw that fuses together through a median inferior labial cartilage, resulting in a single curved bar of cartilage by metamorphic climax. During metamorphosis it is surrounded by the developing dentale and goniale.
suspensorium
AAO:0000596
Anatomical cluster consisting of the mandibular structures which connect the base of the lower jaw with the skull.
XAO:0003086
Anatomical cluster consisting of the mandibular structures which connect the base of the lower jaw with the skull.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Suspensorium
upper jaw
AAO:0000620
The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arch.
XAO:0003087
palatoquadrate arch
TAO:0001272
The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arch.
seminiferous tubule
AAO:0010399
Any of the coiled tubules located in the testes in which spermatozoa are produced.
XAO:0003088
AAO:0010399
Any of the coiled tubules located in the testes in which spermatozoa are produced.
cranial nerve III
Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles.
XAO:0003090
ZFA:0000405
oculomotor nerve
Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles.
ISBN:0471209627
cranial nerve IV
Cranial nerve, also known as the pathetic nerve, that runs to the eye muscles.
XAO:0003091
ZFA:0000600
pathetic nerve
trochlear nerve
Cranial nerve, also known as the pathetic nerve, that runs to the eye muscles.
ISBN:0471209627
cranial nerve V
Cranial nerve that branches into the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw) and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw).
XAO:0003092
ZFA:0000697
trigeminal nerve
Cranial nerve that branches into the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw) and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw).
ISBN:0471209627
cranial nerve VI
Cranial nerve, also known as the abducent nerve, that runs to the eye muscles.
XAO:0003093
ZFA:0000310
abducens nerve
abducent nerve
Cranial nerve, also known as the abducent nerve, that runs to the eye muscles.
ISBN:0471209627
cranial nerve VII
Cranial nerve that branches into the supraorbital (supplying the skin of the eye region and the lateral line organs here), the palatine (to the roof of the buccal cavity), and the hyomandibular (dividing into the jugular and mental branches).
XAO:0003094
ZFA:0000664
facial nerve
Cranial nerve that branches into the supraorbital (supplying the skin of the eye region and the lateral line organs here), the palatine (to the roof of the buccal cavity), and the hyomandibular (dividing into the jugular and mental branches).
ISBN:0471209627
cranial nerve VIII
Cranial nerve that runs to the ear.
XAO:0003095
ZFA:0000247
auditory nerve
Cranial nerve that runs to the ear.
ISBN:0471209627
cranial nerve IX
Cranial nerve that branches into the ramus communicans (to the skin), the pretrematic (to the walls of the pharynx and mouth, viscero-sensory fibers), and the larval post-trematic branch (lost in the adult).
XAO:0003096
ZFA:0000668
glossopharyngeal nerve
Cranial nerve that branches into the ramus communicans (to the skin), the pretrematic (to the walls of the pharynx and mouth, viscero-sensory fibers), and the larval post-trematic branch (lost in the adult).
ISBN:0471209627
cranial nerve X
Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart).
XAO:0003097
ZFA:0000453
vagal nerve
vagus nerve
Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart).
ISBN:0471209627
cerebellum
A dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum.
AAO:0010485
XAO:0003098
A dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum.
UBERON:0002037
fourth ventricle
AAO:0011043
IVth ventricle
Irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space.
XAO:0003099
Irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space.
UBERON:0002422
medulla oblongata
AAO:0010486
Posterior portion of the hindbrain which controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses.
XAO:0003100
AAO:0010486
Posterior portion of the hindbrain which controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses.
spinal nerve
A mixed nerve which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body.
AAO:0011101
XAO:0003101
A mixed nerve which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_nerve
transverse process
AAO:0000698
Any of the projections on each side of the vertebra from the point where the neural arch lamina joins the pedicel for the articulation with the head of a single-headed rib or the upper head of a double-headed rib. Also called diapophyses. They provide surfaces for the attachment of muscles. In anurans, the term transverse process is used in reference to the processes associated with the presacral and postsacral vertebrae.
XAO:0003102
AAO:0000698
Any of the projections on each side of the vertebra from the point where the neural arch lamina joins the pedicel for the articulation with the head of a single-headed rib or the upper head of a double-headed rib. Also called diapophyses. They provide surfaces for the attachment of muscles. In anurans, the term transverse process is used in reference to the processes associated with the presacral and postsacral vertebrae.
claw
Anatomical structure consisting of a small, pointed keratinized appendage at the end of each of the toes of the hind limbs.
XAO:0003103
Anatomical structure consisting of a small, pointed keratinized appendage at the end of each of the toes of the hind limbs.
XAO:curator
myotome of head somite 1
Compartment of head somite 1 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003104
Compartment of head somite 1 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
myotome of head somite 2
Compartment of head somite 2 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003105
Compartment of head somite 2 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
myotome of head somite 3
Compartment of head somite 3 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003106
Compartment of head somite 3 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
myotome of head somite 4
Compartment of head somite 4 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003107
Compartment of head somite 4 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
myotome of trunk somite 1
Compartment of trunk somite 1 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003108
Compartment of trunk somite 1 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
myotome of trunk somite 2
Compartment of trunk somite 2 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003109
Compartment of trunk somite 2 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
myotome of trunk somite 3
Compartment of trunk somite 3 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003110
Compartment of trunk somite 3 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
myotome of trunk somite 4
Compartment of trunk somite 4 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003111
Compartment of trunk somite 4 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
sclerotome of head somite 4
Compartment of head somite 4 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0003112
Compartment of head somite 4 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:EJS
sclerotome of trunk somite 1
Compartment of trunk somite 1 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0003113
Compartment of trunk somite 1 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:EJS
sclerotome of trunk somite 2
Compartment of trunk somite 2 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0003114
Compartment of trunk somite 2 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:EJS
sclerotome of trunk somite 3
Compartment of trunk somite 3 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0003115
Compartment of trunk somite 3 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:EJS
sclerotome of trunk somite 4
Compartment of trunk somite 4 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0003116
Compartment of trunk somite 4 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:EJS
myotome of trunk somite 5
Compartment of trunk somite 5 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003117
Compartment of trunk somite 5 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
myotome of trunk somite 6
Compartment of trunk somite 6 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003118
Compartment of trunk somite 6 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
myotome of trunk somite 7
Compartment of trunk somite 7 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003119
Compartment of trunk somite 7 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
myotome of trunk somite 8
Compartment of trunk somite 8 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003120
Compartment of trunk somite 8 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
sclerotome of trunk somite 5
Compartment of trunk somite 5 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0003121
Compartment of trunk somite 5 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:EJS
sclerotome of trunk somite 6
Compartment of trunk somite 6 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0003122
Compartment of trunk somite 6 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:EJS
sclerotome of trunk somite 7
Compartment of trunk somite 7 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0003123
Compartment of trunk somite 7 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:EJS
sclerotome of trunk somite 8
Compartment of trunk somite 8 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0003124
Compartment of trunk somite 8 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:EJS
myotome of trunk somite 9
Compartment of trunk somite 9 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003125
Compartment of trunk somite 9 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
sclerotome of trunk somite 9
Compartment of trunk somite 9 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0003126
Compartment of trunk somite 9 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:EJS
sclerotome of trunk somite 10
Compartment of trunk somite 10 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0003127
Compartment of trunk somite 10 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:EJS
myotome of trunk somite 10
Compartment of trunk somite 10 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003128
Compartment of trunk somite 10 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
sclerotome of trunk somite 11
Compartment of trunk somite 11 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0003129
Compartment of trunk somite 11 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:EJS
myotome of trunk somite 11
Compartment of trunk somite 11 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003130
Compartment of trunk somite 11 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
sclerotome of trunk somite 12
Compartment of trunk somite 12 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0003131
Compartment of trunk somite 12 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:EJS
myotome of trunk somite 12
Compartment of trunk somite 12 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003132
Compartment of trunk somite 12 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
sclerotome of trunk somite 13
Compartment of trunk somite 13 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0003133
Compartment of trunk somite 13 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:EJS
myotome of trunk somite 13
Compartment of trunk somite 13 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003134
Compartment of trunk somite 13 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
sclerotome of trunk somite 14
Compartment of trunk somite 14 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0003135
Compartment of trunk somite 14 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:EJS
myotome of trunk somite 14
Compartment of trunk somite 14 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003136
Compartment of trunk somite 14 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
sclerotome of trunk somite 15
Compartment of trunk somite 15 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0003137
Compartment of trunk somite 15 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:EJS
myotome of trunk somite 15
Compartment of trunk somite 15 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003138
Compartment of trunk somite 15 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
sclerotome of trunk somite 16
Compartment of trunk somite 16 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0003139
Compartment of trunk somite 16 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:EJS
myotome of trunk somite 16
Compartment of head somite 16 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003140
Compartment of head somite 16 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
sclerotome of trunk somite 17
Compartment of trunk somite 17 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:0003141
Compartment of trunk somite 17 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
XAO:EJS
myotome of trunk somite 17
Compartment of head somite 17 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:0003142
Compartment of head somite 17 that is a precursor of muscle.
XAO:EJS
tail somite
AAO:0010383
Any of the somites located posterior to the trunk.
XAO:0003143
Any of the somites located posterior to the trunk.
XAO:EJS
amphibian papilla
The principal auditory organ of frog that utilizes both mechanical and electrical (hair cell-based) frequency tuning mechanisms for hearing, located near the junction of the utricle and the saccule bones of the inner ear.
XAO:0003144
PMID:10377339
The principal auditory organ of frog that utilizes both mechanical and electrical (hair cell-based) frequency tuning mechanisms for hearing, located near the junction of the utricle and the saccule bones of the inner ear.
basilar papilla
A sensory structure in the lagenar portion of an amphibian's membranous labyrinth between the oval and round windows.
AAO:0011018
XAO:0003145
papilla basilaris
A sensory structure in the lagenar portion of an amphibian's membranous labyrinth between the oval and round windows.
XAO:curator
gonad
AAO:0000213
Anatomical structure which produces gametes as well as certain sex hormones controlled by the pituitary gonadotropins. Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis).
XAO:0003146
AAO:0000213
Anatomical structure which produces gametes as well as certain sex hormones controlled by the pituitary gonadotropins. Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis).
ZFA:0000413
spermatozoon
A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid.
CL:0000019
XAO:0003147
sperm
spermatozoa
A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid.
CL:0000019
spermatozoa
germ line cell
A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring.
CL:0000039
XAO:0003148
A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring.
ISBN:0721662544
primordial germ cell
CL:0000670
PGC
Primitive cell type that is involved in the reproduction of the organism beginning with the sexual differentiation of the gonads at NF stage 52. In males specifically, it migrates from the genital ridge cortical region into the medullary tissue, where it forms spermatogonia. In females it is embedded in the cortical region and multiplies as oogonia.
XAO:0003149
primitive germ cell
ISBN:0815318960
Primitive cell type that is involved in the reproduction of the organism beginning with the sexual differentiation of the gonads at NF stage 52. In males specifically, it migrates from the genital ridge cortical region into the medullary tissue, where it forms spermatogonia. In females it is embedded in the cortical region and multiplies as oogonia.
gamete
A mature male or female germ cell.
CL:0000300
XAO:0003150
A mature male or female germ cell.
NLM:gamete
spermatid
CL:0000018
Male germ cell that is derived from spermatocytes and develops into spermatozoa.
XAO:0003151
Male germ cell that is derived from spermatocytes and develops into spermatozoa.
ncithesaurus:Spermatid
immune system
AAO:0011003
Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies.
XAO:0003152
Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies.
NLM:immune+system
larval immune system
The immune system of a postembryonic, hatched or immature tadpole, prior to metamorphosis.
XAO:0003153
The immune system of a postembryonic, hatched or immature tadpole, prior to metamorphosis.
XAO:curator
adult immune system
AAO:0011003
The complete system of biological structures and processes within the adult organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells.
XAO:0003154
The complete system of biological structures and processes within the adult organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells.
XAO:curator
lymphocyte
A cell of the B cell, T cell, or natural killer cell lineage.
CL:0000542
XAO:0003155
A cell of the B cell, T cell, or natural killer cell lineage.
CL:0000542
natural killer cell
A lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells.
CL:0000623
NK cell
XAO:0003156
A lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells.
CL:0000623
T cell
A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
CL:0000084
XAO:0003157
A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
AAO:0010311
B cell
CL:0000236
One of the two types of lymphocytes (the others being T cells). All lymphocytes begin their development in the bone marrow. B cells are involved in so-called humoral immunity.
XAO:0003158
One of the two types of lymphocytes (the others being T cells). All lymphocytes begin their development in the bone marrow. B cells are involved in so-called humoral immunity.
XAO:curator
thymocyte
An immature T cell located in the thymus.
XAO:0003159
AAO:0010312
An immature T cell located in the thymus.
anatomical cluster
Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another.
CARO:0000041
XAO:0003160
Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another.
CARO:0000041
limb bud
AAO:0010375
Structure that is an early outgrowth of a presumptive limb.
XAO:0003161
AAO:0010375
Structure that is an early outgrowth of a presumptive limb.
acellular anatomical structure
Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue.
CARO:0000040
XAO:0003162
Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue.
CARO:0000040
basal lamina
Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue.
CARO:0000065
XAO:0003163
Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue.
CARO:0000065
solid compound organ
CARO:0000074
Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces.
XAO:0003164
CARO:0000074
Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces.
cavitated compound organ
CARO:0000072
Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces.
XAO:0003165
CARO:0000072
Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces.
appendicular skeleton
Skeletal structure that has as its parts the pectoral and pelvic girdles, which articulate with the axial skeleton, together with their associated limbs, the forelimbs and hind limbs.
VSAO:0000076
XAO:0003166
AAO:0000747
Skeletal structure that has as its parts the pectoral and pelvic girdles, which articulate with the axial skeleton, together with their associated limbs, the forelimbs and hind limbs.
fore metapodium
XAO:0003167
XAO:0003208
true
hind mesopodium
XAO:0003168
XAO:0003211
true
dermatocranium
AAO:0010154
Cranium which consists of dermally derived bones.
XAO:0003169
Cranium which consists of dermally derived bones.
TAO:0000863
neurocranium
AAO:0010153
Anatomical cluster that consists of the cartilages and bones that surround the brain.
XAO:0003170
Anatomical cluster that consists of the cartilages and bones that surround the brain.
TAO:0001580
orbital region
AAO:0010220
An anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye.
XAO:0003171
AAO:0010220
An anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye.
olfactory region
AAO:0010206
Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the neurocranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organs.
XAO:0003172
AAO:0010206
Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the neurocranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organs.
occipital region
AAO:0010199
An anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the neurocranium and forms the margin of the foramen margin and occipital condyles.
XAO:0003173
AAO:0010199
An anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the neurocranium and forms the margin of the foramen margin and occipital condyles.
sphenoid region
AAO:0010207
Anatomical cluster that forms the floor and side walls of the middle part of the cranium.
XAO:0003174
Anatomical cluster that forms the floor and side walls of the middle part of the cranium.
TAO:0000290
otic region
AAO:0010208
Anatomical cluster that is a posterolateral part of the neurocranium and structurally supports the vestibuloauditory system.
XAO:0003175
AAO:0010208
Anatomical cluster that is a posterolateral part of the neurocranium and structurally supports the vestibuloauditory system.
splanchnocranium
AAO:0010157
Regional skeletal system of the jaws, hyoid and branchial arches.
XAO:0003176
Regional skeletal system of the jaws, hyoid and branchial arches.
ZFA:0001216
hyoid arch skeleton
AAO:0010370
Skeletal subdivision comprising the skeletal elements of the hyoid arch.
XAO:0003177
Skeletal subdivision comprising the skeletal elements of the hyoid arch.
XAO:EJS
dorsal hyoid arch skeleton
AAO:0010371
Skeletal subdivision comprising the dorsal skeletal elements of the hyoid arch.
XAO:0003178
Skeletal subdivision comprising the dorsal skeletal elements of the hyoid arch.
XAO:EJS
ventral hyoid arch skeleton
AAO:0010372
Skeletal subdivision comprising the ventral skeletal elements of the hyoid arch.
XAO:0003179
Skeletal subdivision comprising the ventral skeletal elements of the hyoid arch.
XAO:EJS
branchial arch skeleton
AAO:0010369
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the branchial arches; the last five of the set of seven pharyngeal arches; the numbering system can be confusing; generally branchial arch #1 is the first branchial arch, or the third pharyngeal arch, but some authors do not follow this convention.
XAO:0003180
gill arch skeleton
pharyngeal arch skeleton 3-7
visceral arch skeleton
PMID:8589427
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the branchial arches; the last five of the set of seven pharyngeal arches; the numbering system can be confusing; generally branchial arch #1 is the first branchial arch, or the third pharyngeal arch, but some authors do not follow this convention.
branchial arch skeleton 1
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the first branchial or pharyngeal arch.
XAO:0003181
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the first branchial or pharyngeal arch.
XAO:curator
branchial arch skeleton 2
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the second branchial or pharyngeal arch.
XAO:0003182
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the second branchial or pharyngeal arch.
XAO:curator
branchial arch skeleton 3
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the third branchial or pharyngeal arch.
XAO:0003183
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the third branchial or pharyngeal arch.
XAO:curator
branchial arch skeleton 4
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the forth branchial or pharyngeal arch.
XAO:0003184
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the forth branchial or pharyngeal arch.
XAO:curator
anatomical direction
Any spatial descriptor that describes the orientation of the anatomical features of an embryo.
XAO:0003185
Any spatial descriptor that describes the orientation of the anatomical features of an embryo.
XAO:curator
anatomical region
A region of the whole organism that contains a recognizable set of structures or anatomical entities.
XAO:0003186
A region of the whole organism that contains a recognizable set of structures or anatomical entities.
XAO:curator
medial
Spatial concept pertaining to being toward the middle or inside.
XAO:0003187
NCIt:Medial
Spatial concept pertaining to being toward the middle or inside.
proximal
Spatial concept denoting a part of the body that is closer to the center of the body than another part.
XAO:0003188
NCIt:Proximal
Spatial concept denoting a part of the body that is closer to the center of the body than another part.
distal
Spatial concept denoting a part of the body that is farther away from the center of the body than another part.
XAO:0003189
NCIt:Distal
Spatial concept denoting a part of the body that is farther away from the center of the body than another part.
anatomical space
CARO:0000005
Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures.
XAO:0003190
CARO:0000005
Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures.
left atrium
AAO:0010247
The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the lungs.
XAO:0003191
The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the lungs.
XAO:EJS
right atrium
AAO:0010248
The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the sinus venosus.
XAO:0003192
The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the sinus venosus.
XAO:EJS
cardiac ventricle
Cardiac chamber which consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of a ventricle. The amphibian heart has a single ventricle and an outflow tract with an incomplete spiral septa.
UBERON:0002082
XAO:0003193
Cardiac chamber which consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of a ventricle. The amphibian heart has a single ventricle and an outflow tract with an incomplete spiral septa.
UBERON:0002082
sensory system
A part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information.
AAO:0000555
XAO:0003194
A part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information.
WIKI:Sensory_system
vestibuloauditory system
AAO:0000631
The sensory system used for balance and hearing.
XAO:0003195
The sensory system used for balance and hearing.
XAO:curator
olfactory system
AAO:0000978
The sensory system used for olfaction (the sense of smell).
XAO:0003196
The sensory system used for olfaction (the sense of smell).
WIKI:Olfactory_system
gustatory system
AAO:0010577
The sensory system used for the sense of taste.
XAO:0003197
The sensory system used for the sense of taste.
WIKI:Gustatory_system
visual system
AAO:0000632
The sensory system used for sight.
XAO:0003198
The sensory system used for sight.
XAO:curator
lymphatic system
AAO:0010522
Part of the circulatory system which consists of a series of vessels which collect blood (exclusive of erythrocytes) which seep through capillary walls and return it to the veins. The lymphatic system of vasculature drains lymph fluid from the tissue spaces of most organs and returns it to the blood vasculature for recirculation. The lymphatic sytem functions in immune responses. Anurans generate a lot lymphatic fluid, largely as a consequence of their very leaky vasculature and high interstitial compliance. Lymph is ultimately pumped into the venous system by paired, dorsally located lymph hearts. Hedrick et al (2007) show that lung inflation and deflation assists lymph movement. Lymph is moved during lung deflation to the subvertebral sac from anterior and posterior lymph sacs. During lung inflation, increased lymph sac pressure moves lymph to axillary regions, where lymph hearts can return lymph to the vascular space (see Hedrick et al 2007).
XAO:0003199
AAO:0010522
Part of the circulatory system which consists of a series of vessels which collect blood (exclusive of erythrocytes) which seep through capillary walls and return it to the veins. The lymphatic system of vasculature drains lymph fluid from the tissue spaces of most organs and returns it to the blood vasculature for recirculation. The lymphatic sytem functions in immune responses. Anurans generate a lot lymphatic fluid, largely as a consequence of their very leaky vasculature and high interstitial compliance. Lymph is ultimately pumped into the venous system by paired, dorsally located lymph hearts. Hedrick et al (2007) show that lung inflation and deflation assists lymph movement. Lymph is moved during lung deflation to the subvertebral sac from anterior and posterior lymph sacs. During lung inflation, increased lymph sac pressure moves lymph to axillary regions, where lymph hearts can return lymph to the vascular space (see Hedrick et al 2007).
XAO:curator
gut epithelium
The epithelium of the gut.
XAO:0003200
ZFA:0005123
The epithelium of the gut.
XAO:curator
oral epithelium
AAO:0010357
Epithelium that lines the oral cavity, with many short microvilli as well as mucous cells, rodlet cells and taste buds.
XAO:0003201
Epithelium that lines the oral cavity, with many short microvilli as well as mucous cells, rodlet cells and taste buds.
UBERON:0002424
pharyngeal epithelium
Epithelium lining the pharynx, consisting largely of simple columnar epithelium.
XAO:0003202
ZFA:0001174
Epithelium lining the pharynx, consisting largely of simple columnar epithelium.
TAO:0001174
dental epithelium
AAO:0011027
Epithelium that is part of a developing tooth or dental organ.
XAO:0003203
Epithelium that is part of a developing tooth or dental organ.
ZFA:0005134
neural tube
AAO:0010617
Hollow epithelial tube on dorsal side of the embryo that develops into the central nervous system.
XAO:0003204
AAO:0010617
Hollow epithelial tube on dorsal side of the embryo that develops into the central nervous system.
chondrocyte
CL:0000138
Polymorphic cell type that forms cartilage.
XAO:0003205
CL:0000138
Polymorphic cell type that forms cartilage.
podocyte
CL:0000653
Cell type that is a component of the glomus.
XAO:0003206
Cell type that is a component of the glomus.
XAO:curator
carpus
The cluster of bones in the wrist between the radius, ulna and metacarpus, they do not belong to individual finger, but allow the wrist to move and rotate.
UBERON:0001435
XAO:0003207
ISBN:0-07-017977-8
The cluster of bones in the wrist between the radius, ulna and metacarpus, they do not belong to individual finger, but allow the wrist to move and rotate.
metacarpus
Each of the bones forming the part of the hand between the fingers and the wrist.
XAO:0003208
Each of the bones forming the part of the hand between the fingers and the wrist.
http://www.infovisual.info/02/028_en.html
radio-ulna
AAO:0000901
Either of the paired, long bones of endochondral origin formed by the fusion of the radius and ulna.
XAO:0003209
radioulna
radius-ulna
AAO:0000901
Either of the paired, long bones of endochondral origin formed by the fusion of the radius and ulna.
humerus
AAO:0000679
Either of the paired, elongate, cylindrical bones of endochondral origin that extend from the pectoral girdle to the elbows. The humerus is the long bone in the forelimb that runs from the shoulder to the elbow.
XAO:0003210
AAO:0000679
Either of the paired, elongate, cylindrical bones of endochondral origin that extend from the pectoral girdle to the elbows. The humerus is the long bone in the forelimb that runs from the shoulder to the elbow.
XAO:curator
tarsus
A bone of the wrist of the hindlimb, which remains cartilaginous until NF stage 66.
UBERON:0004454
XAO:0003211
tarsalia
A bone of the wrist of the hindlimb, which remains cartilaginous until NF stage 66.
ISBN:0815318960
metatarsus
Each of the bones forming the part of the foot between the toes and the heel.
XAO:0003212
Each of the bones forming the part of the foot between the toes and the heel.
http://www.infovisual.info/02/028_en.html
tibia-fibula
Bone of the lower hind leg, which undergoes ossification from NF stage 56 to stage 66.
XAO:0003213
Bone of the lower hind leg, which undergoes ossification from NF stage 56 to stage 66.
ISBN:0471209627
femur
AAO:0000889
Either of the paired, elongate, cylindrical bones of endochondral origin that form the thighs, extending from the pelvic girdles to the knees. Proximal bone of the hind leg, which begins to ossify at NF stage 55.
XAO:0003214
Either of the paired, elongate, cylindrical bones of endochondral origin that form the thighs, extending from the pelvic girdles to the knees. Proximal bone of the hind leg, which begins to ossify at NF stage 55.
ISBN:0471209627
photoreceptor layer
2009-07-15T02:26:17Z
The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell receptor segments reside.
XAO:0003215
ZFA:0000143
retinal photoreceptor layer
seger
The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell receptor segments reside.
ZFA:0000143
retinal neural layer
2009-07-15T02:02:33Z
AAO:0011095
The layer of nerve cells in the retina.
XAO:0003216
neural retina
seger
The layer of nerve cells in the retina.
XAO:curator
retinal pigmented epithelium
2009-07-15T02:05:18Z
AAO:0011096
The monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina.
XAO:0003217
pigmented epithelium
pigmented retinal epithelium
seger
The monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina.
ZFA:0000144
retinal outer plexiform layer
2009-07-15T02:26:28Z
The layer within the retina where the bipolar cells synapse with the photoreceptor cells.
XAO:0003218
ZFA:0001330
seger
The layer within the retina where the bipolar cells synapse with the photoreceptor cells.
UBERON:0001790
retinal outer nuclear layer
2009-07-15T02:26:30Z
The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell bodies reside.
XAO:0003219
ZFA:0001464
seger
The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell bodies reside.
UBERON:0001789
optic fiber layer
2009-07-15T02:26:32Z
Fiber layer adjacent the retinal ganglion cell layer which comprises their axons as they traverse to the optic nerve.
XAO:0003220
ZFA:0001619
seger
Fiber layer adjacent the retinal ganglion cell layer which comprises their axons as they traverse to the optic nerve.
ZFA:0001619
retinal inner nuclear layer
2009-07-15T02:26:34Z
The layer of the retina composed of the cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and some of the cell bodies of amacrine cells.
XAO:0003221
ZFA:0000119
seger
The layer of the retina composed of the cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and some of the cell bodies of amacrine cells.
UBERON:0001791
inner limiting membrane
2009-07-15T02:26:37Z
Retinal layer composed of the basal lamina of Muller cells.
XAO:0003222
ZFA:0001029
seger
NCIt:Inner_Limiting_Membrane
Retinal layer composed of the basal lamina of Muller cells.
retinal ganglion cell layer
2009-07-15T02:26:41Z
Innermost nuclear layer of the retina, consisting of retinal ganglion cells, which contains neurons that project axons through the optic nerve to the brain.
XAO:0003223
ZFA:0000024
seger
Innermost nuclear layer of the retina, consisting of retinal ganglion cells, which contains neurons that project axons through the optic nerve to the brain.
UBERON:0001792
outer limiting membrane
2009-07-15T02:26:44Z
A thin fenestrated layer of the pars nervosa retinae adjacent to the outer nuclear layer and through which extend the visual rods and cones.
XAO:0003224
ZFA:0001331
seger
A thin fenestrated layer of the pars nervosa retinae adjacent to the outer nuclear layer and through which extend the visual rods and cones.
NCIt:Outer_Limiting_Membrane
retinal inner plexiform layer
2009-07-15T02:26:47Z
The plexiform layer of the retina positioned between the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer and containing the dendrites of retinal ganglion cells and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells.
XAO:0003225
ZFA:0001329
seger
The plexiform layer of the retina positioned between the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer and containing the dendrites of retinal ganglion cells and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells.
UBERON:0001795
optic tectum
2009-07-15T03:37:08Z
AAO:0010609
The brain structure where the two separate inputs from the two eyes are combined into a single, integrated map.
XAO:0003226
midbrain tectum
seger
tectum
tectum opticum
PMID:17952453
The brain structure where the two separate inputs from the two eyes are combined into a single, integrated map.
pharynx
2009-07-16T02:04:46Z
AAO:0000967
Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches.
XAO:0003227
seger
AAO:0000967
Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches.
hypaxial muscle
2009-07-16T02:14:05Z
Trunk muscle that lies ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae.
XAO:0003228
body wall muscle
seger
Trunk muscle that lies ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae.
UBERON:0008777
epaxial muscle
2009-07-16T02:17:32Z
AAO:0000142
Trunk muscle that lies dorsal to the horizontal septum.
XAO:0003229
epaxial muscles
seger
Trunk muscle that lies dorsal to the horizontal septum.
XAO:curator
epaxial muscles
trunk musculature
2009-07-16T02:18:03Z
Muscle that is located posterior to the head and anterior to the tail and consists of epaxial and hypaxial muscle.
XAO:0003230
seger
Muscle that is located posterior to the head and anterior to the tail and consists of epaxial and hypaxial muscle.
XAO:EJS
absorptive cell
2009-07-20T01:12:02Z
A cell that takes up stuff and metabolizes it.
CL:0000212
XAO:0003231
seger
A cell that takes up stuff and metabolizes it.
CL:0000212
acid secreting cell
2009-07-20T01:15:23Z
Any of the cell types of the digestive system that secrete amino acid peptides or polypeptides.
CL:0000161
XAO:0003232
seger
Any of the cell types of the digestive system that secrete amino acid peptides or polypeptides.
CL:0000161
acinar cell
2009-07-20T01:16:38Z
CL:0000622
Exocrine functioning cells of the pancreas.
XAO:0003233
seger
CL:0000622
Exocrine functioning cells of the pancreas.
alkali secreting cell
2009-07-20T01:17:42Z
A cell that secretes alkaline substances.
CL:0000435
XAO:0003234
seger
A cell that secretes alkaline substances.
XAO:curator
barrier cell
2009-07-20T01:18:52Z
A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments.
CL:0000215
XAO:0003235
seger
A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments.
CL:0000215
barrier epithelial cell
2009-07-20T01:19:57Z
A surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus or cloaca.
CL:0000073
XAO:0003236
seger
A surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus or cloaca.
XAO:curator
cementoblast
2009-07-20T01:23:10Z
A cell of ectomesenchymal origin concerned with the formation of the layer of cementum on the roots of teeth.
CL:0000061
XAO:0003237
seger
A cell of ectomesenchymal origin concerned with the formation of the layer of cementum on the roots of teeth.
ISBN:0781733901
chondroblast
2009-07-20T01:24:55Z
A chondroblast is a cell which originates from a mesenchymal stem cell and forms chondrocytes, commonly known as cartilage cells.
CL:0000058
XAO:0003238
seger
A chondroblast is a cell which originates from a mesenchymal stem cell and forms chondrocytes, commonly known as cartilage cells.
XAO:curator
circulating cell
2009-07-20T01:26:48Z
A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium.
CL:0000080
XAO:0003239
seger
A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium.
CL:0000080
digestive enzyme secreting cell
2009-07-20T01:30:09Z
A type of cell, found in the digestive tract, that secrete enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption by the body.
CL:0000470
XAO:0003240
digestive enzyme secreting cells
seger
digestive enzyme secreting cells
A type of cell, found in the digestive tract, that secrete enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption by the body.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_enzyme
early embryonic cell
2009-07-20T01:31:42Z
A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete.
CL:0000007
XAO:0003241
seger
A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete.
CL:0000007
morula cell
2009-07-20T01:32:43Z
A cell of the early embryo at the developmental stage in which the blastomeres, resulting from repeated mitotic divisions of the fertilized ovum (zygote), form a compact cell mass.
CL:0000360
XAO:0003242
seger
A cell of the early embryo at the developmental stage in which the blastomeres, resulting from repeated mitotic divisions of the fertilized ovum (zygote), form a compact cell mass.
CL:0000360
blastoderm cell
2009-07-20T01:32:45Z
An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote).
CL:0000353
XAO:0003243
seger
An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote).
CL:0000353
gastrula cell
2009-07-20T01:32:48Z
A cell of the embryo in the early stage following the blastula, characterized by morphogenetic cell movements, cell differentiation, and the formation of the three germ layers.
CL:0000361
XAO:0003244
seger
A cell of the embryo in the early stage following the blastula, characterized by morphogenetic cell movements, cell differentiation, and the formation of the three germ layers.
CL:0000361
ectodermal cell
2009-07-20T01:35:11Z
A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo.
CL:0000221
XAO:0003245
ectoderm cell
seger
A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo.
CL:0000221
electrically active cell
2009-07-20T01:37:18Z
A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal.
CL:0000211
XAO:0003246
seger
A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal.
CL:0000211
endocrine cell
2009-07-20T01:38:59Z
A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions.
CL:0000163
XAO:0003247
seger
A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions.
CL:0000163
endodermal cell
2009-07-20T01:40:37Z
A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo.
CL:0000223
XAO:0003248
endoderm cell
seger
A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo.
CL:0000223
epithelial cell
2009-07-20T01:42:50Z
A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.
CL:0000066
XAO:0003249
seger
A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.
CL:0000066
exocrine cell
2009-07-20T01:44:46Z
A cell of an exocrine gland, i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct.
CL:0000152
XAO:0003250
seger
A cell of an exocrine gland, i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct.
CL:0000152
hatching gland cell
2009-07-20T01:48:20Z
CL:0000249
Individual secretory cells of the hatching gland that secrete an enzyme that dissolves or weakens the egg jelly and facilitates hatching.
XAO:0003251
seger
Individual secretory cells of the hatching gland that secrete an enzyme that dissolves or weakens the egg jelly and facilitates hatching.
XAO:curator
keratin accumulating cell
2009-07-20T01:52:10Z
A cell that is specialized to accumulate keratins, a family of fibrous structural proteins.
CL:0000311
XAO:0003252
seger
A cell that is specialized to accumulate keratins, a family of fibrous structural proteins.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratin
ligament cell
2009-07-20T01:52:51Z
CL:0000384
Type of cell that is capable of generating and maintaining the fibrous connective tissue of the ligament.
XAO:0003253
seger
Type of cell that is capable of generating and maintaining the fibrous connective tissue of the ligament.
XAO:EJS
Merkel cell
2009-07-20T01:56:02Z
A modified epidermal cell located in the stratum basale. They are found mostly in areas where sensory perception is acute.
CL:0000242
XAO:0003254
seger
A modified epidermal cell located in the stratum basale. They are found mostly in areas where sensory perception is acute.
CL:0000242
mesodermal cell
2009-07-20T02:00:17Z
A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo.
CL:0000222
XAO:0003255
mesoderm cell
seger
A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo.
CL:0000222
mucus secreting cell
2009-07-20T02:06:11Z
A type of epithelial cell, found in the epidermis and digestive system, whose function is to secrete mucin, which dissolves in water to form protective mucus.
CL:0000319
XAO:0003256
seger
A type of epithelial cell, found in the epidermis and digestive system, whose function is to secrete mucin, which dissolves in water to form protective mucus.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucus
myelin accumulating cell
2009-07-20T02:06:51Z
A cell that is specialized to accumulate myelin.
CL:0000328
XAO:0003257
seger
A cell that is specialized to accumulate myelin.
XAO:EJS
neuromast mantle cell
2009-07-20T02:07:36Z
A non-sensory cell surrounding the neuromast support cells and neuromast hair cells, separating the neuromast from the epidermis, and secreting cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all the hair cells are embedded.
CL:0000851
XAO:0003258
seger
A non-sensory cell surrounding the neuromast support cells and neuromast hair cells, separating the neuromast from the epidermis, and secreting cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all the hair cells are embedded.
CL:0000851
neuromast support cell
2009-07-20T02:09:08Z
A non-sensory cell of the neuromast that extends between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; neuromast support cells are surrounded by neuromast mantle cells.
CL:0000852
XAO:0003259
seger
A non-sensory cell of the neuromast that extends between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; neuromast support cells are surrounded by neuromast mantle cells.
CL:0000852
nucleate erythrocyte
2009-07-20T02:10:45Z
An erythrocyte having a nucleus.
CL:0000562
XAO:0003260
seger
An erythrocyte having a nucleus.
CL:0000562
olfactory epithelial support cell
2009-07-20T02:14:47Z
A non-ciliated columnar cell that extends from the epithelial free margin to the basement membrane of the olfactory epithelium.
CL:0000853
XAO:0003261
seger
A non-ciliated columnar cell that extends from the epithelial free margin to the basement membrane of the olfactory epithelium.
CL:0000853
oxygen accumulating cell
2009-07-20T02:16:28Z
A cell that is specialized to accumulate oxygen.
CL:0000329
XAO:0003262
seger
A cell that is specialized to accumulate oxygen.
XAO:EJS
paracrine cell
2009-07-20T02:17:10Z
A secretory cell that secretes an agonist into intercellular spaces in which it diffuses to a target cell other than that which produced it.
CL:0000512
XAO:0003263
seger
A secretory cell that secretes an agonist into intercellular spaces in which it diffuses to a target cell other than that which produced it.
CL:0000512
pericyte
2009-07-20T02:21:51Z
A slender, contractile, mesenchymal-like cell found in close association with capillary walls. They are relatively undifferentiated and may become fibroblasts, macrophages, or smooth muscle cells.
CL:0000669
XAO:0003264
seger
A slender, contractile, mesenchymal-like cell found in close association with capillary walls. They are relatively undifferentiated and may become fibroblasts, macrophages, or smooth muscle cells.
CL:0000669
somatic stem cell
2009-07-20T02:25:31Z
A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
CL:0000723
XAO:0003265
seger
A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
CL:0000723
liver primordium
2009-07-20T04:05:12Z
AAO:0011058
Embryonic primordium consisting of an endodermal thickening that develops into the liver.
XAO:0003266
liver
liver bud
seger
Embryonic primordium consisting of an endodermal thickening that develops into the liver.
ZFA:0000124
kidney
2009-08-25T11:34:29Z
AAO:0000250
Either of the pair of structures lying on either side of the dorsal aorta in which fluid balance is regulated and waste is excreted out in the form of urine.
XAO:0003267
mesonephros
pronephros
seger
AAO:0000250
Either of the pair of structures lying on either side of the dorsal aorta in which fluid balance is regulated and waste is excreted out in the form of urine.
cardiac progenitor cell
2009-12-01T04:42:20Z
CPC
Presumptive precardiac cells which lie as paired primordia 30 to 45 degree on either side of the dorsal midline of the Xenopus embryo, and as gastrulation proceeds, these migrate laterally, eventually fusing at the anterior ventral midline, where they differentiate into cardiac tissue. Cells that give rise to the linear heart tube of the fused heart primordium and derive from the cardiac crescent.
XAO:0003268
seger
PMID:17194606
PMID:2340810
Presumptive precardiac cells which lie as paired primordia 30 to 45 degree on either side of the dorsal midline of the Xenopus embryo, and as gastrulation proceeds, these migrate laterally, eventually fusing at the anterior ventral midline, where they differentiate into cardiac tissue. Cells that give rise to the linear heart tube of the fused heart primordium and derive from the cardiac crescent.
jaw muscle
2009-12-01T04:45:17Z
Type of muscle that arises in the zygomatic arch and closes the jaw.
XAO:0003269
seger
Type of muscle that arises in the zygomatic arch and closes the jaw.
UBERON:0003681
duct
2011-06-16T10:41:29Z
A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination.
UBERON:0000058
XAO:0004000
ducts
lab
A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination.
UBERON:0000058
ducts
portion of organism substance
2011-06-16T10:56:39Z
Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
XAO:0004001
ZFA:0000007
lab
CARO:0000004
Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
lateral line
2011-06-16T11:03:34Z
Any of the sense organs that detect vibrations carried through water. They develop from a specialized series of dorsolateral ectodermal placodes named lateral line placodes.
XAO:0004002
ZFA:0001469
lab
Any of the sense organs that detect vibrations carried through water. They develop from a specialized series of dorsolateral ectodermal placodes named lateral line placodes.
XAO:EJS
anatomical line
2011-06-16T11:18:59Z
CARO:0000008
Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface.
XAO:0004003
lab
CARO:0000008
Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface.
atypical epithelium
2011-06-20T10:55:41Z
CARO:0000071
Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers.
XAO:0004004
lab
AAO:0010057
Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers.
extraembryonic structure
2011-06-20T11:00:46Z
Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and comprises portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo.
CARO:0000042
XAO:0004005
lab
Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and comprises portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo.
ZFA:0000020
multilaminar epithelium
2011-06-20T11:10:18Z
CARO:0000069
Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.
XAO:0004006
lab
CARO:0000069
Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.
unilaminar epithelium
2011-06-20T11:18:11Z
CARO:0000073
Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.
XAO:0004007
lab
CARO:MAH
Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.
simple columnar epithelium
2011-06-20T11:19:24Z
CARO:0000068
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells.
XAO:0004008
lab
CARO:MAH
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells.
simple cuboidal epithelium
2011-06-20T11:22:50Z
CARO:0000067
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells.
XAO:0004009
lab
CARO:MAH
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells.
simple squamous epithelium
2011-06-20T11:25:42Z
CARO:0000070
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.
XAO:0004010
lab
CARO:MAH
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.
axial skeleton
2011-08-22T02:37:32Z
Anatomical cluster of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.
VSAO:0000056
XAO:0004011
xenbase3
Anatomical cluster of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.
VAO:0000056
skeletal element
2011-08-22T03:11:53Z
Organ entity that may have different tissue compositions at different stages and typically involved in mechanical support.
VSAO:0000128
XAO:0004012
xenbase3
Organ entity that may have different tissue compositions at different stages and typically involved in mechanical support.
VAO:0000128
cartilaginous element
2011-08-22T03:25:09Z
Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient.
VSAO:0000000
XAO:0004013
cartilage
chondrogenic element
xenbase3
Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient.
VAO:0000000
membrane bone
2011-08-22T03:36:02Z
Bone element that arises as a result of direct ossification.
VSAO:0000023
XAO:0004014
xenbase3
Bone element that arises as a result of direct ossification.
VAO:0000023
dermal bone
2011-08-22T03:36:25Z
Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm.
VSAO:0000130
XAO:0004015
xenbase3
Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm.
VAO:00000130
replacement element
2011-08-22T03:37:56Z
Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue.
VSAO:0000135
XAO:0004016
xenbase3
Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue.
VAO:0000135
endochondral element
2011-08-22T03:38:45Z
A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification.
VSAO:0000139
XAO:0004017
xenbase3
A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification.
VAO:0000139
endochondral bone
2011-08-22T03:39:53Z
Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.
VSAO:0000145
XAO:0004018
ossified chondrogenic bone
xenbase3
Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.
VAO:0000145
vertebra
2011-08-22T03:44:24Z
AAO:0000691
Main component of the vertebral column. It consists of two essential parts, a dorsal neural arch and a ventral centrum.
XAO:0004019
xenbase3
AAO:0000691
Main component of the vertebral column. It consists of two essential parts, a dorsal neural arch and a ventral centrum.
process
2011-08-22T03:58:55Z
Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.
TAO:0001834
XAO:0004020
bony projection
flange
lamellae
laminae
projection
ridge
shelf
xenbase3
Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.
TAO:0001834
cell condensation
2011-08-22T04:26:10Z
Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995).
VSAO:0000006
XAO:0004021
xenbase3
Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995).
VAO:0000006
chondrogenic condensation
2011-08-22T04:27:08Z
Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes.
VSAO:0000092
XAO:0004022
cartilaginous condensation
xenbase3
Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes.
VAO:0000092
craniofacial skeleton
2011-08-22T04:39:54Z
Cranial skeleton derived from neural crest cells.
VSAO:0000082
XAO:0004023
cranio-facial skeleton
xenbase3
Cranial skeleton derived from neural crest cells.
VAO:00000082
craniofacial region
2011-08-22T04:42:44Z
Anatomical cluster that encompasses the cranium and facial structures.
VSAO:0000083
XAO:0004024
xenbase3
Anatomical cluster that encompasses the cranium and facial structures.
XAO:EJS
dermal skeleton
2011-08-22T04:47:40Z
Skeletal system that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements.
VSAO:0000035
XAO:0004025
dermal skeletal system
dermoskeleton
desmoskeleton
exoskeleton
xenbase3
Skeletal system that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements.
VAO:00000035
endoskeleton
2011-08-22T04:49:15Z
Skeletal system that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues.
VSAO:0000037
XAO:0004026
replacement skeleton
xenbase3
Skeletal system that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues.
VAO:0000037
extracellular matrix
2011-08-22T04:52:15Z
Combination of protein fibers, ground substance and tissue fluid; typically has embedded cells.
ECM
VSAO:0000022
XAO:0004027
xenbase3
Combination of protein fibers, ground substance and tissue fluid; typically has embedded cells.
VAO:0000022
fibrocartilage
2011-08-22T04:54:35Z
Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns.
VSAO:0000103
XAO:0004028
xenbase3
Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns.
VAO:0000103
hyaline cartilage tissue
2011-08-22T04:56:37Z
Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance.
VSAO:0000094
XAO:0004029
hyaline cartilage
xenbase3
Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance.
VAO:0000094
dense regular connective tissue
2011-08-22T05:06:10Z
Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).
VSAO:0000050
XAO:0004030
xenbase3
Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).
VAO:0000050
ligament
2011-08-22T05:06:59Z
Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ.
VSAO:0000072
XAO:0004031
xenbase3
Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ.
VAO:000072
proteinaceous extracellular matrix
2011-08-22T05:12:13Z
A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity.
VSAO:0000021
XAO:0004032
xenbase3
A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity.
VAO:0000021
avascular GAG-rich matrix
2011-08-22T05:14:07Z
Proteinaceous extracellular matrix that is avascular and consists primarily of glycosaminoglycans.
VSAO:0000059
XAO:0004033
avascular glycosaminoglycan-rich matrix
cartilage matrix
cartilage-like matrix
xenbase3
Proteinaceous extracellular matrix that is avascular and consists primarily of glycosaminoglycans.
VAO:0000059
mineralized extracellular matrix
2011-08-22T05:16:11Z
Extracellular matrix that is mineralized.
VSAO:0000020
XAO:0004034
xenbase3
Extracellular matrix that is mineralized.
VAO:0000020
osteoid
2011-08-22T05:17:00Z
Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue.
VSAO:0000046
XAO:0004035
pre-bone
prebone
xenbase3
Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue.
VAO:0000046
mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix
2011-08-22T05:18:20Z
Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is mineralized.
VSAO:0000120
XAO:0004036
xenbase3
Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is mineralized.
VAO:0000120
non-mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix
2011-08-22T05:18:57Z
Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is not mineralized.
VSAO:0000119
XAO:0004037
non-mineralized cartilage
xenbase3
Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is not mineralized.
VAO:0000119
skeletal tissue
2011-08-22T05:21:47Z
Connective tissue that functions in mechanical and structural support.
VSAO:0000015
XAO:0004038
xenbase3
Connective tissue that functions in mechanical and structural support.
VAO:0000015
mineralized tissue
2011-08-22T05:22:34Z
Skeletal tissue that is mineralized.
VSAO:0000013
XAO:0004039
xenbase3
Skeletal tissue that is mineralized.
XAO:EJS
mineralized bone tissue
2011-08-22T05:23:02Z
Bone tissue mineralized with hydroxyapatite.
VSAO:0000115
XAO:0004040
xenbase3
Bone tissue mineralized with hydroxyapatite.
VAO:0000115
mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue
2011-08-22T05:25:19Z
Hyaline cartilage tissue that is mineralized.
VSAO:0000109
XAO:0004041
xenbase3
Hyaline cartilage tissue that is mineralized.
VAO:0000109
muscular system
2011-08-22T05:28:16Z
Anatomical system comprising the sum of all muscles in the body.
VSAO:0000033
XAO:0004042
xenbase3
Anatomical system comprising the sum of all muscles in the body.
UBERON:0000383
non-mineralized cartilage tissue
2011-08-22T05:30:58Z
Cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.
VSAO:0000089
XAO:0004043
xenbase3
Cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.
VAO:0000089
non-mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue
2011-08-22T05:32:35Z
Hyaline cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.
VSAO:0000108
XAO:0004044
xenbase3
Hyaline cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.
VAO:0000108
odontogenic papilla
2011-08-23T08:43:35Z
Cell condensation that is a well-defined population of densely organized mesenchymal cells that aggregates adjacent to an epithelium.
VSAO:0000025
XAO:0004045
dental papilla
odontogenic condensation
xenbase3
Cell condensation that is a well-defined population of densely organized mesenchymal cells that aggregates adjacent to an epithelium.
VAO:0000025
odontoid tissue
2011-08-23T08:45:58Z
Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla.
VSAO:0000063
XAO:0004046
dental tissue
odontogenic tissue
xenbase3
Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla.
VAO:0000063
oropharyngeal papilla
2011-08-23T08:47:31Z
Odontogenic papilla located along the jaws or pharyngeal skeleton.
VSAO:0000030
XAO:0004047
oropharyngeal dental papilla
xenbase3
Odontogenic papilla located along the jaws or pharyngeal skeleton.
VAO:0000030
oropharynx
2011-08-23T08:50:17Z
Anatomical cluster that comprises the oral part of the pharynx.
VSAO:0000034
XAO:0004048
xenbase3
Anatomical cluster that comprises the oral part of the pharynx.
UBERON:0001729
perichondrium
2011-08-23T08:52:43Z
Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds cartilage.
VSAO:0000036
XAO:0004049
xenbase3
Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds cartilage.
VAO:0000036
perichordal tissue
2011-08-23T08:53:53Z
Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the notochord; includes a layer of elastin.
VSAO:0000054
XAO:0004050
notochord
perichordal connective tissue
perichordal sheath
perichordal sheath tissue
xenbase3
Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the notochord; includes a layer of elastin.
VAO:0000054
dentine
2011-08-23T08:56:47Z
Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular.
VSAO:0000069
XAO:0004051
dental tissue
xenbase3
Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular.
VAO:0000069
pre-dentine
2011-08-23T08:58:05Z
Odontogenic tissue that is collagen-rich and characteristic of vertebrate teeth and tooth-like structures (e.g., odontodes) deposited by preodontoblasts and odontoblasts that are typically excluded from the matrix.
VSAO:0000071
XAO:0004052
pre-dentine tissue
xenbase3
Odontogenic tissue that is collagen-rich and characteristic of vertebrate teeth and tooth-like structures (e.g., odontodes) deposited by preodontoblasts and odontoblasts that are typically excluded from the matrix.
VAO:0000071
skeleton
2011-08-23T09:00:02Z
Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg, bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.
VSAO:0000026
XAO:0004053
xenbase3
Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg, bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.
VAO:0000026
vacuolated notochordal tissue
2011-08-23T09:02:51Z
Connective tissue that is matrix-poor with large number of vacuolated cells.
VSAO:0000053
XAO:0004054
notochord proper
xenbase3
Connective tissue that is matrix-poor with large number of vacuolated cells.
VAO:0000053
mineralized cartilage tissue
2011-08-23T09:31:53Z
Cartilage tissue that is mineralized.
VSAO:0000088
XAO:0004055
xenbase3
Cartilage tissue that is mineralized.
VAO:0000088
distal mesenchyme
2011-08-24T10:22:39Z
Mesenchyme cells that proliferate in the progress zone of developing limb buds.
XAO:0004056
xenbase3
Mesenchyme cells that proliferate in the progress zone of developing limb buds.
XAO:EJS
tail tip
2011-08-24T10:30:32Z
Portion of tissue comprising the posterior end of the tail fin.
XAO:0004057
xenbase3
Portion of tissue comprising the posterior end of the tail fin.
XAO:EJS
ampullary nerve
2011-08-24T10:33:59Z
Nerve that is a branch of cranial nerve VIII and innervates the cristae ampullaris.
XAO:0004058
ZFA:0005144
neural ampulla
xenbase3
Nerve that is a branch of cranial nerve VIII and innervates the cristae ampullaris.
ZFA:0005144
regenerating tissue
2011-08-24T10:40:19Z
A portion of tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
XAO:0004059
ZFA:0005147
xenbase3
A portion of tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
ZFA:0005147
blastema
2011-08-24T10:42:35Z
A regenerating tissue composed of a proliferative mass of undifferentiated progenitor cells from which new differentiated structures arise.
UBERON:0005306
XAO:0004060
xenbase3
A regenerating tissue composed of a proliferative mass of undifferentiated progenitor cells from which new differentiated structures arise.
ZFA:0001270
dorsal fin margin
2011-08-24T10:45:04Z
The edge, and the area immediately adjacent to it, of the dorsal fin.
XAO:0004061
xenbase3
The edge, and the area immediately adjacent to it, of the dorsal fin.
XAO:EJS
tail fin
2011-08-24T10:47:44Z
The fin at the posterior part of the body of the tadpole.
XAO:0004062
caudal fin
xenbase3
BTO:0001827
The fin at the posterior part of the body of the tadpole.
dorsal fin
2011-08-24T10:57:00Z
AAO:0010378
The unsupported flaps of epidermis-covered, loose connective tissue extending the length of the dorsal tail muscle, originating at or near the tail-body junction, and extending posteriorly to slightly beyond the tip of the notochord and tail musculature.
XAO:0004063
xenbase3
ISBN:0-226-55763-4
The unsupported flaps of epidermis-covered, loose connective tissue extending the length of the dorsal tail muscle, originating at or near the tail-body junction, and extending posteriorly to slightly beyond the tip of the notochord and tail musculature.
ventral tail fin
2011-08-24T11:06:36Z
AAO:0010204
The ventral part of the tail fin.
XAO:0004064
xenbase3
The ventral part of the tail fin.
XAO:EJS
ventral fin margin
2011-08-24T11:08:17Z
The edge, and the area immediately adjacent to it, of the ventral fin.
XAO:0004065
xenbase3
The edge, and the area immediately adjacent to it, of the ventral fin.
XAO:EJS
vegetal endoderm
2011-08-24T11:12:31Z
Portion of the cleavage-stage embryo below the equator and consisting of prospective endodermal cells.
XAO:0004066
xenbase3
ISBN:0123646200
Portion of the cleavage-stage embryo below the equator and consisting of prospective endodermal cells.
suprablastoporal endoderm
2011-08-24T11:14:55Z
During gastrulation, the ring of endodermal cells that overlie the larger sub-blastoral endoderm cells.
XAO:0004067
xenbase3
During gastrulation, the ring of endodermal cells that overlie the larger sub-blastoral endoderm cells.
ISBN:0123646200
sub-blastoporal endoderm
2011-08-24T11:15:44Z
During gastrulation, the vegetal endodermal cells that lie just below the ring of smaller suprablastoral endoderm cells.
XAO:0004068
xenbase3
During gastrulation, the vegetal endodermal cells that lie just below the ring of smaller suprablastoral endoderm cells.
ISBN:0123646200
migratory neural crest
2011-08-24T11:22:55Z
NCMC
Neural crest that lose their connections to other neuroepithelial cells during the delamination process and begin to migrate. This involves either partial or complete epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Numerous molecules have been demonstrated to guide a neural crest cell's migration to its target tissue.
XAO:0004069
neural crest migrating cells
xenbase3
Neural crest that lose their connections to other neuroepithelial cells during the delamination process and begin to migrate. This involves either partial or complete epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Numerous molecules have been demonstrated to guide a neural crest cell's migration to its target tissue.
XAO:CJZ
neural crest migrating cells
hypothalamus
2011-08-24T11:29:04Z
Multi-tissue structure which is part of the diencephalon ventral to the thalamus consisting of connecting fibers and is a center for control of the autonomous nervous system.
UBERON:0001898
XAO:0004070
xenbase3
AAO:0010484
Multi-tissue structure which is part of the diencephalon ventral to the thalamus consisting of connecting fibers and is a center for control of the autonomous nervous system.
optic chiasm
2011-08-24T11:35:57Z
Decussation of cranial nerve II axons whereby some cross the midline and some remain ipsilateral.
UBERON:0000959
XAO:0004071
xenbase3
Decussation of cranial nerve II axons whereby some cross the midline and some remain ipsilateral.
ZFA:0000556
suprachiasmatic nucleus
2011-08-24T11:41:40Z
Diencephalic nucleus that is part of the preoptic area and is ventrolateral to the caudal parvocellular preoptic nucleus.
XAO:0004072
ZFA:0000441
xenbase3
Diencephalic nucleus that is part of the preoptic area and is ventrolateral to the caudal parvocellular preoptic nucleus.
ZFA:0000441
intersomitic region
2011-08-24T12:21:44Z
Anatomical region between somites.
XAO:0004074
intersomitic junction
xenbase3
Anatomical region between somites.
XAO:EJS
intersomitic vessel
2011-08-24T12:25:46Z
Primary vessel sprouts that originate from the aorta and grow dorsally between the somites.
XAO:0004075
ZFA:0001285
intersomitic blood vessel
xenbase3
PMID:17119151
Primary vessel sprouts that originate from the aorta and grow dorsally between the somites.
intersomitic tendon
2011-08-24T12:28:10Z
A tendon located in the intersomitic region.
XAO:0004076
xenbase3
A tendon located in the intersomitic region.
XAO:EJS
intersomitic epithelium
2011-08-24T12:31:19Z
Epithelium located in the intersomitic region.
XAO:0004077
intersomitic membrane
xenbase3
Epithelium located in the intersomitic region.
XAO:EJS
intersomitic neuron
2011-08-24T12:34:45Z
Neuron located in the intersomitic region.
XAO:0004078
xenbase3
Neuron located in the intersomitic region.
XAO:EJS
rhombomere
2011-08-24T01:19:56Z
Any of the 5 sequential sections of developing hindbrain, all are posterior to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary.
UBERON:0001892
XAO:0004079
rhombomeres
xenbase3
Any of the 5 sequential sections of developing hindbrain, all are posterior to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary.
XAO:curator
rhombomeres
rhombomere R2
2011-08-24T02:00:45Z
The 2nd most anterior segment of the developing hindbrain, and along with r3, is dorsal to brancial arch 1.
UBERON:0005569
XAO:0004080
r2
rhombomere 2
xenbase3
The 2nd most anterior segment of the developing hindbrain, and along with r3, is dorsal to brancial arch 1.
XAO:curator
rhombomere R3
2011-08-24T02:04:40Z
The 3rd segment of the developing hindbrain, between r2 and r4 rhombomeres, and along with r2, is dorsal to branchial arch 1.
UBERON:0005507
XAO:0004081
r3
rhombomere 3
xenbase3
The 3rd segment of the developing hindbrain, between r2 and r4 rhombomeres, and along with r2, is dorsal to branchial arch 1.
XAO:curator
rhombomere R4
2011-08-24T02:06:25Z
The 4th segment of the developing hindbrain, between r3 and r5 rhomomeres and dorsal to branchial arch 2.
UBERON:0005511
XAO:0004082
r4
rhombomere 4
xenbase3
The 4th segment of the developing hindbrain, between r3 and r5 rhomomeres and dorsal to branchial arch 2.
XAO:curator
rhombomere R5
2011-08-24T02:08:06Z
The 5th segment of the developing hindbrain, bewteen r4 and r6, and dorsal to branchial arch 3.
UBERON:0005515
XAO:0004083
r5
rhombomere 5
xenbase3
The 5th segment of the developing hindbrain, bewteen r4 and r6, and dorsal to branchial arch 3.
XAO:curator
rhombomere R6
2011-08-24T02:09:39Z
The 6th segment of the developing hindbrain, directly bordering the midbrain-hindbrain boundary, and dorsal to branchial arch 4.
UBERON:0005519
XAO:0004084
r6
rhombomere 6
xenbase3
The 6th segment of the developing hindbrain, directly bordering the midbrain-hindbrain boundary, and dorsal to branchial arch 4.
XAO:curator
ionocyte
2011-08-24T02:12:18Z
CL:0005006
Specialized epithelial cells involved in the maintenance of osmotic homeostasis. They are characterized by abundant mitochondria and ion transporters.
XAO:0004085
xenbase3
CL:0005006
Specialized epithelial cells involved in the maintenance of osmotic homeostasis. They are characterized by abundant mitochondria and ion transporters.
presumptive midbrain-hindbrain boundary
2011-08-24T02:24:16Z
Part of the neural ectoderm that will become the embryonic midbrain-hindbrain boundary.
XAO:0004086
ZFA:0001187
xenbase3
Part of the neural ectoderm that will become the embryonic midbrain-hindbrain boundary.
UBERON:0007281
neural fold
2011-08-24T02:42:38Z
One of the two edges of the neural groove.
UBERON:0005062
XAO:0004087
xenbase3
GO:0001842
One of the two edges of the neural groove.
animal pole
2011-08-24T03:18:10Z
The pole of the animal hemisphere, the actively dividing hemisphere of the embryo.
XAO:0004088
xenbase3
The pole of the animal hemisphere, the actively dividing hemisphere of the embryo.
XAO:EJS
periocular region
2011-08-24T03:20:21Z
Anatomical region surrounding the eye but within the orbit.
XAO:0004089
periocular mesenchyme
xenbase3
Anatomical region surrounding the eye but within the orbit.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/periocular
optic field
2011-08-24T03:24:00Z
Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural plate and will form the optic vesicle.
XAO:0004090
ZFA:0000570
eye primordium
optic primordium
xenbase3
Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural plate and will form the optic vesicle.
ZFA:0000570
non-neural ectoderm
2011-08-24T03:28:19Z
The portion of the embryonic ectoderm, including the preplacodal ectoderm, that does not give rise to nervous tissue.
UBERON:0005497
XAO:0004091
xenbase3
The portion of the embryonic ectoderm, including the preplacodal ectoderm, that does not give rise to nervous tissue.
XAO:EJS
preplacodal ectoderm
2011-08-24T03:30:53Z
PPE
The field of naive ectoderm at the anterior of the neural stage embryo. It is positioned at the border between the future epidermis and the anterior neural plate/neural crest forming regions and is subdivided into 2 distinct domains: the anterior placodal region which is anterior to the neural plate, and the posterior placodal area which is lateral to the neural crest.
XAO:0004092
ZFA:0007013
pre-placodal ectoderm
xenbase3
ISBN:0878933840
The field of naive ectoderm at the anterior of the neural stage embryo. It is positioned at the border between the future epidermis and the anterior neural plate/neural crest forming regions and is subdivided into 2 distinct domains: the anterior placodal region which is anterior to the neural plate, and the posterior placodal area which is lateral to the neural crest.
profundal placode
2011-08-24T03:36:24Z
An embryonic structure positioned halfway between the prospective eye and ear, adjacent to the future midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24.
XAO:0004093
profundus placode
xenbase3
An embryonic structure positioned halfway between the prospective eye and ear, adjacent to the future midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24.
PMID:21452441
lens epithelium
2011-08-24T03:40:12Z
Epithelium which borders the anterior and equitorial region of the lens. Lens growth occurs via the differentiation of additional fibre cells from lens epithelial cells.
XAO:0004094
ZFA:0001326
xenbase3
Epithelium which borders the anterior and equitorial region of the lens. Lens growth occurs via the differentiation of additional fibre cells from lens epithelial cells.
ZFA:0001326
lens transitional zone
2011-08-24T03:43:21Z
The region of the lens of the eye where cells from the anterior epithelial capsule become transformed into the fibers that compose the lens substance.
XAO:0004095
xenbase3
The region of the lens of the eye where cells from the anterior epithelial capsule become transformed into the fibers that compose the lens substance.
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/transitional+zone
lens fiber cell mass
2011-08-24T03:45:09Z
Portion of tissue comprising fibers that form the bulk of the lens. They are long, thin, transparent cells.
UBERON:0002444
XAO:0004096
lens fiber
lens fiber cells
xenbase3
Portion of tissue comprising fibers that form the bulk of the lens. They are long, thin, transparent cells.
UBERON:0002444
horizontal cell
2011-08-24T03:58:01Z
A neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer of the retina.
CL:0000745
XAO:0004097
horizontal neuron
xenbase3
A neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer of the retina.
CL:0000745
bipolar neuron
2011-08-24T04:01:16Z
A type of interneuron that has two neurites, usually an axon and a dendrite, extending from opposite poles of an ovoid cell body.
CL:0000103
XAO:0004098
bipolar cell
xenbase3
A type of interneuron that has two neurites, usually an axon and a dendrite, extending from opposite poles of an ovoid cell body.
CL:0000103
amacrine cell
2011-08-24T04:06:40Z
CL:0000561
Interneuron of the retina. They integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. They lack large axons.
XAO:0004099
amacrine neuron
xenbase3
CL:0000561
Interneuron of the retina. They integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. They lack large axons.
retinal ganglion cell
2011-08-24T04:08:45Z
CL:0000740
Type of neuron that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve.
XAO:0004100
xenbase3
CL:0000740
Type of neuron that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve.
optic tract
2011-08-25T09:25:47Z
Diencephalic white matter (tract) which is comprised of retinal ganglion cell axons after which they have passed through the optic chiasm.
UBERON:0001908
XAO:0004101
xenbase3
Diencephalic white matter (tract) which is comprised of retinal ganglion cell axons after which they have passed through the optic chiasm.
UBERON:0001908
pre-chordal neural plate border
2011-08-25T09:47:05Z
The portion of the neural plate border that is anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction.
XAO:0004102
anterior neural plate border
xenbase3
The portion of the neural plate border that is anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction.
XAO:EJS
chordal neural plate border
2011-08-25T09:47:56Z
The portion of the neural plate border that is posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction.
XAO:0004103
xenbase3
The portion of the neural plate border that is posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction.
XAO:EJS
neural plate border
2011-08-25T09:49:21Z
NPB
The boundary between non-neural ectoderm and the neural plate of neurula stage embryos, it gives rise to the neural crest and cranial placodes.
XAO:0004104
xenbase3
ISBN:0878933840
The boundary between non-neural ectoderm and the neural plate of neurula stage embryos, it gives rise to the neural crest and cranial placodes.
pronephric tubule
2011-08-25T09:56:54Z
Any of bilaterally paired tubes connecting the pronephric glomeruli to the pronephric ducts.
XAO:0004105
ZFA:0001558
xenbase3
Any of bilaterally paired tubes connecting the pronephric glomeruli to the pronephric ducts.
ZFA:0001558
regenerating forelimb
2011-08-25T10:02:27Z
A portion of forelimb tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
XAO:0004106
forelimb
xenbase3
A portion of forelimb tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
XAO:curator
regenerating hindlimb
2011-08-25T10:02:56Z
A portion of hind limb tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
XAO:0004107
hind limb
hindlimb
regenerating hind limb
xenbase3
A portion of hind limb tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
XAO:curator
regenerating tail
2011-08-25T10:03:11Z
A portion of tail tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
XAO:0004108
tail
tail blastema
xenbase3
A portion of tail tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
XAO:curator
regenerating eye
2011-08-25T10:03:22Z
A portion of eye tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
XAO:0004109
eye
xenbase3
A portion of eye tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
XAO:curator
eye photoreceptor cell
2011-08-25T10:17:43Z
A cell found in the retina of the eye that is specialized to detect and transduce light.
CL:0000287
XAO:0004110
xenbase3
A cell found in the retina of the eye that is specialized to detect and transduce light.
CL:0000210
retinal cone cell
2011-08-25T10:19:21Z
CL:0000573
One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision.
XAO:0004111
cone photoreceptor cell
xenbase3
CL:0000573
One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision.
retinal rod cell
2011-08-25T10:22:13Z
CL:0000604
One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision.
XAO:0004112
rod photoreceptor cell
xenbase3
CL:0000604
One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision.
vegetal pole
2011-08-25T10:25:07Z
The pole of the vegetal hemisphere, the lower, light-colored hemisphere of the embryo.
XAO:0004113
xenbase3
The pole of the vegetal hemisphere, the lower, light-colored hemisphere of the embryo.
XAO:EJS
stage I oocyte
2011-08-25T10:27:57Z
The developing female gamete of the pre-vitellogenic stage.
XAO:0004114
pre-vitellogenic oocyte
xenbase3
The developing female gamete of the pre-vitellogenic stage.
XAO:curator
stage II oocyte
2011-08-25T10:28:59Z
The developing female gamete of the early vitellogenic stage.
XAO:0004115
early vitellogenic oocyte
xenbase3
The developing female gamete of the early vitellogenic stage.
XAO:curator
stage III oocyte
2011-08-25T10:30:01Z
The developing female gamete of the mid-vitellogenic stage.
XAO:0004116
mid-vitellogenic oocyte
xenbase3
The developing female gamete of the mid-vitellogenic stage.
XAO:curator
stage IV oocyte
2011-08-25T10:30:48Z
The stage in the developing female gamete where polarization along the animal-vegetal axis is established.
XAO:0004117
xenbase3
The stage in the developing female gamete where polarization along the animal-vegetal axis is established.
XAO:curator
stage V oocyte
2011-08-25T10:31:45Z
The developing female gamete of the late-vitellogenic stage.
XAO:0004118
late vitellogenic oocyte
xenbase3
The developing female gamete of the late-vitellogenic stage.
XAO:EJS
stage VI oocyte
2011-08-25T10:32:29Z
The fully grown female gamete.
XAO:0004119
post-vitellogenic oocyte
xenbase3
The fully grown female gamete.
XAO:EJS
cardiac jelly
2011-08-25T10:49:57Z
A sheet of extracellular matrix that separates the outer myocardial cell layer from the inner endocardial tube in the early embryonic heart. As the heart is going through the looping stages, this extracellular matrix/cardiac jelly starts to thicken in two regions, the atrioventricular canal region and the ventricular outflow tract region. These two discrete swellings of cardiac jelly are known as cardiac cushions. The cardiac jelly plays a central role in the septation of the heart and comprises most of the thickness of the heart wall at early stages, but disappears as the heart differentiates.
UBERON:0003906
XAO:0004120
xenbase3
A sheet of extracellular matrix that separates the outer myocardial cell layer from the inner endocardial tube in the early embryonic heart. As the heart is going through the looping stages, this extracellular matrix/cardiac jelly starts to thicken in two regions, the atrioventricular canal region and the ventricular outflow tract region. These two discrete swellings of cardiac jelly are known as cardiac cushions. The cardiac jelly plays a central role in the septation of the heart and comprises most of the thickness of the heart wall at early stages, but disappears as the heart differentiates.
PMID:19890915
apical ectodermal ridge
2011-08-25T10:53:20Z
AAO:0010760
AER
The apical ectodermal ridge is a thickened layer of ectodermal cells at the distal tip of a developing limb bud. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development.
XAO:0004121
apical epidermal ridge
epidermal ridge
xenbase3
The apical ectodermal ridge is a thickened layer of ectodermal cells at the distal tip of a developing limb bud. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development.
WIKI:Apical_ectodermal_ridge
proliferative region
2011-08-25T10:57:21Z
Anatomical cluster which consists of rapidly dividing cells.
XAO:0004122
ZFA:0000098
xenbase3
Anatomical cluster which consists of rapidly dividing cells.
ZFA:0000098
atrioventricular canal
2011-08-25T11:16:48Z
AV canal
The part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle.
XAO:0004123
ZFA:0001315
xenbase3
PMID:10644411
The part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle.
ZFA:0001315
atrioventricular canal endocardium
2011-08-25T11:19:42Z
Endocardium that is part of the atrioventricular canal.
XAO:0004124
ZFA:0001616
xenbase3
Endocardium that is part of the atrioventricular canal.
PMID:10644411
ZFA:0001616
atrioventricular valve leaflet
2011-08-25T11:20:57Z
A portion of tissue forming a cusp guarding the opening of the atrioventricular valve.
XAO:0004125
atrioventricular valve leaflets
xenbase3
A portion of tissue forming a cusp guarding the opening of the atrioventricular valve.
XAO:EJS
atrioventricular valve leaflets
cardiac valve
2011-08-25T11:22:41Z
Portion of tissue that prevents regurgitation of blood from the ventricles to the atria or from the pulmonary arteries or aorta to the ventricles.
UBERON:0000946
XAO:0004126
heart valve
xenbase3
Portion of tissue that prevents regurgitation of blood from the ventricles to the atria or from the pulmonary arteries or aorta to the ventricles.
UBERON:0000946
geniohyoideus
2011-08-25T11:33:42Z
One of the 3 hypaxial muscles.
XAO:0004127
xenbase3
One of the 3 hypaxial muscles.
XAO:curator
rectus abdominus
2011-08-25T11:34:32Z
One of the 3 hypaxial muscles.
XAO:0004128
xenbase3
One of the 3 hypaxial muscles.
XAO:curator
rectus cervicus
2011-08-25T11:34:53Z
One of the 3 hypaxial muscles.
XAO:0004129
xenbase3
One of the 3 hypaxial muscles.
XAO:curator
auditory hair cell
2011-08-25T11:41:17Z
A mechanoreceptor cell located in the inner ear that is sensitive to auditory stimuli. The accessory sensory structures are arranged so that appropriate stimuli cause movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system.
CL:0000202
XAO:0004130
xenbase3
A mechanoreceptor cell located in the inner ear that is sensitive to auditory stimuli. The accessory sensory structures are arranged so that appropriate stimuli cause movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system.
CL:0000202
horizontal crista
2011-08-25T11:44:54Z
A horizontal patch of cristae/sensory epithelia cells of the inner ear.
XAO:0004131
xenbase3
A horizontal patch of cristae/sensory epithelia cells of the inner ear.
PMID:20201105
presumptive ectoderm
2011-08-26T08:59:00Z
Presumptive structure at the animal pole of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm.
UBERON:0006601
XAO:0004132
xenbase3
Presumptive structure at the animal pole of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm.
UBERON:0006601
posterior crista
2011-08-26T09:03:42Z
A posterior patch of cristae/sensory epithelia cells of the inner ear.
UBERON:0007275
XAO:0004133
xenbase3
A posterior patch of cristae/sensory epithelia cells of the inner ear.
PMID:20201105
presumptive paraxial mesoderm
2011-08-26T09:08:28Z
Presumptive structure that will develop into paraxial mesoderm.
UBERON:0007285
XAO:0004134
xenbase3
Presumptive structure that will develop into paraxial mesoderm.
XAO:curator
rhombic lip
2011-08-26T09:25:54Z
The interface between the dorsal neuroepithelium and the roof plate of the fourth ventricle. The source of a number of migratory neuron populations of the hindbrain.
UBERON:0006215
XAO:0004135
xenbase3
The interface between the dorsal neuroepithelium and the roof plate of the fourth ventricle. The source of a number of migratory neuron populations of the hindbrain.
UBERON:0006215
saccular macula
2011-08-26T09:31:03Z
Portion of tissue that is a patch of thickened, pseudostratified epithelium in the inner ear, consisting of regular arrays of sensory hair cells interspersed with supporting cells. The macula saccule senses linear acceleration and gravity.
UBERON:0002212
XAO:0004136
xenbase3
PMID:20201105
Portion of tissue that is a patch of thickened, pseudostratified epithelium in the inner ear, consisting of regular arrays of sensory hair cells interspersed with supporting cells. The macula saccule senses linear acceleration and gravity.
anterior crista
2011-08-26T09:42:59Z
Anterior patch of cristae/sensory epithelia cells of the inner ear.
XAO:0004137
ZFA:0000619
anterior cristae
xenbase3
Anterior patch of cristae/sensory epithelia cells of the inner ear.
PMID:20201105
anterior cristae
sensory epithelial cell
2011-08-26T09:52:26Z
A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibuloauditory systems; contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells.
CL:0000098
XAO:0004138
xenbase3
A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibuloauditory systems; contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells.
CL:0000098
outflow tract
2011-08-26T10:12:24Z
The portion of the heart through which blood flows into the pulmocutaneous and systemic arteries. In Xenopus the outflow tract is derived from cardiac precusor cells of the secondary heart field, and septation is incomplete.
UBERON:0004145
XAO:0004139
xenbase3
PMID:10644411
PMID:20671188
The portion of the heart through which blood flows into the pulmocutaneous and systemic arteries. In Xenopus the outflow tract is derived from cardiac precusor cells of the secondary heart field, and septation is incomplete.
UBERON:0004145
ventricular outflow tract
2011-08-26T10:17:59Z
A portion of either the left ventricle or right ventricle of the heart through which blood passes in order to enter the great arteries. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an infundibular extension of the ventricular cavity which connects to the pulmonary artery. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which connects to the aorta, is nearly indistinguishable from the rest of the ventricle.
UBERON:0005337
XAO:0004140
xenbase3
A portion of either the left ventricle or right ventricle of the heart through which blood passes in order to enter the great arteries. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an infundibular extension of the ventricular cavity which connects to the pulmonary artery. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which connects to the aorta, is nearly indistinguishable from the rest of the ventricle.
PMID:10644411
UBERON:0005337
spiral septum
2011-08-26T10:22:27Z
The thin, spiral-shaped membranous structure within the ventricular outflow tract of the heart.
UBERON:0002099
XAO:0004141
spiral septa
xenbase3
PMID:10644411
The thin, spiral-shaped membranous structure within the ventricular outflow tract of the heart.
spiral septa
vestibulocochlear ganglion
2011-08-26T10:41:25Z
Ganglion which provides afferent innervation for hair cells associated with both the auditory and vestibular components of the inner ear. As the otic placode invaginates into a cup neuroblasts delaminate from the anterior ventral aspect of the otic epithelium to give rise to neurons of the vestibulocochlear (statoacoustic) ganglion of cranial nerve VIII.
UBERON:0002827
XAO:0004142
statoacoustic (VIII) ganglion
statoacoustic ganglion
vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion
vestibulocochlear ganglia
xenbase3
vestibulocochlear ganglia
Ganglion which provides afferent innervation for hair cells associated with both the auditory and vestibular components of the inner ear. As the otic placode invaginates into a cup neuroblasts delaminate from the anterior ventral aspect of the otic epithelium to give rise to neurons of the vestibulocochlear (statoacoustic) ganglion of cranial nerve VIII.
PMID:21452441
vascular plexus
2011-08-26T10:59:34Z
Any network of intercommunicating blood vessels.
UBERON:0005629
XAO:0004143
xenbase3
Any network of intercommunicating blood vessels.
XAO:curator
anterior ventral blood island
2011-08-26T11:20:29Z
Region that is overlapping, anterior, and dorsal to the main body of the ventral blood island.
XAO:0004144
aVBI
blood island
xenbase3
PMID:21069823
Region that is overlapping, anterior, and dorsal to the main body of the ventral blood island.
vestibular apparatus
2011-08-26T11:46:49Z
A small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear.
UBERON:0005236
XAO:0004145
xenbase3
A small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear.
UBERON:0005236
hemangioblast
2011-08-30T10:27:52Z
A pluripotent cell in the ventral blood island that can give rise to mesenchymal cells including erythrocytes and endothelial cells.
CL:0002418
XAO:0004146
lab
A pluripotent cell in the ventral blood island that can give rise to mesenchymal cells including erythrocytes and endothelial cells.
PMID:11495698
vitelline vein
2011-08-30T10:36:35Z
One of two veins that run upward at first in front, and subsequently on either side of the intestinal canal. They unite on the ventral aspect of the canal, and beyond this are connected to one another by two anastomotic branches, one on the dorsal, and the other on the ventral aspect of the duodenal portion of the intestine, which is thus encircled by two venous rings; into the middle or dorsal anastomosis the superior mesenteric vein opens. The portions of the veins above the upper ring become interrupted by the developing liver and broken up by it into a plexus of small capillary-like vessels termed sinusoids.
UBERON:0005487
XAO:0004147
lab
vascular vitelline network
vitelline veins
vitelline veins
One of two veins that run upward at first in front, and subsequently on either side of the intestinal canal. They unite on the ventral aspect of the canal, and beyond this are connected to one another by two anastomotic branches, one on the dorsal, and the other on the ventral aspect of the duodenal portion of the intestine, which is thus encircled by two venous rings; into the middle or dorsal anastomosis the superior mesenteric vein opens. The portions of the veins above the upper ring become interrupted by the developing liver and broken up by it into a plexus of small capillary-like vessels termed sinusoids.
UBERON:0005487
myeloid cell
2011-08-30T10:44:28Z
A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage.
CL:0000763
XAO:0004148
lab
A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage.
CL:0000763
endothelial cell
2011-08-30T10:48:16Z
An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal.
CL:0000115
XAO:0004149
lab
An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal.
CL:0000115
erythroid cell
2011-08-30T10:53:48Z
A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes.
CL:0000764
XAO:0004150
erythroid lineage cell
lab
A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes.
CL:0000764
tail vasculature
2011-08-30T11:01:48Z
Posterior vascular precursor cells of the tail region.
XAO:0004151
ZFA:0005037
lab
PMID:21069823
Posterior vascular precursor cells of the tail region.
head vasculature
2011-08-30T11:05:38Z
The blood vessels of the head region.
XAO:0004152
ZFA:0001267
lab
PMID:21069823
The blood vessels of the head region.
retinal blood vessel
2011-08-30T11:39:54Z
Blood vessels of the retina. May be visible in periocular stainings.
XAO:0004153
lab
retinal blood vessels
retinal blood vessels
Blood vessels of the retina. May be visible in periocular stainings.
XAO:curator
hyaloid blood vessel
2011-08-30T11:43:24Z
UBERON:0005492
Vessels that are associated with the posterior region of the lens.
XAO:0004154
hyaloid blood vessels
hyaloid vessel
hyaloid vessels
lab
Vessels that are associated with the posterior region of the lens.
ZFA:0005046
hyaloid blood vessels
hyaloid vessels
hyaloid artery
2011-08-30T11:47:17Z
The hyaloid artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, which is itself a branch of the internal carotid artery. It is contained within the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens. Its purpose is to supply nutrient to the developing lens.
UBERON:0002270
XAO:0004155
lab
The hyaloid artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, which is itself a branch of the internal carotid artery. It is contained within the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens. Its purpose is to supply nutrient to the developing lens.
UBERON:0002270
hyaloid vein
2011-08-30T11:51:28Z
UBERON:0006011
Vein internal to the eye.
XAO:0004156
lab
UBERON:006011
Vein internal to the eye.
hyaloid vascular plexus
2011-08-30T11:53:20Z
Network of intersecting blood vessels associated with the posterior region of the lens.
UBERON:0005607
XAO:0004157
lab
Network of intersecting blood vessels associated with the posterior region of the lens.
XAO:EJS
anterior cerebral vein
2011-08-30T12:00:30Z
The anterior cerebral veins cross the head dorsally at NF stage 37-38. It drains into the vena capitis medialis.
UBERON:0001672
XAO:0004158
lab
PMID:12606281
The anterior cerebral veins cross the head dorsally at NF stage 37-38. It drains into the vena capitis medialis.
posterior cerebral vein
2011-08-30T12:13:01Z
Vein that drains the dorsal longitudinal vessel and the caudal portions of the venous capillary network of the medulla oblongata. The cerebral veins cross the head dorsally at NF stage 37-38. It drains into the vena capitis lateralis.
XAO:0004159
ZFA:0005027
lab
PMID:12606281
Vein that drains the dorsal longitudinal vessel and the caudal portions of the venous capillary network of the medulla oblongata. The cerebral veins cross the head dorsally at NF stage 37-38. It drains into the vena capitis lateralis.
ZFA:0005027
cerebral vein
2011-08-30T12:16:59Z
The cerebral veins are divisible into external and internal groups according to the outer surfaces or the inner parts of the hemispheres they drain into. The veins are the anterior cerebral veins, posterior cerebral veins, and middle cerebral vein which cross dorsally between the bilateral vena capitis lateralis.
UBERON:0001663
XAO:0004160
lab
The cerebral veins are divisible into external and internal groups according to the outer surfaces or the inner parts of the hemispheres they drain into. The veins are the anterior cerebral veins, posterior cerebral veins, and middle cerebral vein which cross dorsally between the bilateral vena capitis lateralis.
UBERON:001663
middle cerebral vein
2011-08-30T12:23:07Z
The middle cerebral veins cross the head dorsally at NF stage 37-38. It drains into the vena capitis lateralis.
XAO:0004161
ZFA:0005010
lab
mid cerebral vein
mid-cerebral vein
PMID:12606281
The middle cerebral veins cross the head dorsally at NF stage 37-38. It drains into the vena capitis lateralis.
pulmonary artery
2011-08-30T01:59:48Z
AAO:0010221
The pulmonary arteries carry blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood. Develops from aortic arch 6 in Xenopus.
XAO:0004162
lab
The pulmonary arteries carry blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood. Develops from aortic arch 6 in Xenopus.
UBERON:0002012
angioblast
2011-08-30T02:11:31Z
A mesenchymal stem cell capable of developing into blood vessel endothelium.
CL:0000566
XAO:0004163
angioblasts
lab
angioblasts
A mesenchymal stem cell capable of developing into blood vessel endothelium.
CL:0000566
intersomitic vein
2011-08-30T02:26:59Z
Veins that sprout from the posterior cardinal vein, growing dorsally between the somites, and will join, and drain the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel.
XAO:0004164
lab
PMID:12606281
Veins that sprout from the posterior cardinal vein, growing dorsally between the somites, and will join, and drain the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel.
intersomitic artery
2011-08-30T02:29:23Z
The small branching sprouts of the dorsal aorta that grow across the medial surface of the somite, turn right angles to grow over that surface and then fuse with other sprouts and form the vertebral arteries adjacent to the neural tube; the intersomitic arteries supply the body wall and persist in the adult as the posterior intercostal, subcostal and the lumbar arteries.
UBERON:0006001
XAO:0004165
lab
PMID:12606281
The small branching sprouts of the dorsal aorta that grow across the medial surface of the somite, turn right angles to grow over that surface and then fuse with other sprouts and form the vertebral arteries adjacent to the neural tube; the intersomitic arteries supply the body wall and persist in the adult as the posterior intercostal, subcostal and the lumbar arteries.
left omphalomesenteric vein
2011-08-31T10:32:04Z
In the trunk region, the subintestinal vein drains into the omphalomesenteric veins, which breaks up to merge with the vitelline network at NF stage 40.
XAO:0004166
lab
In the trunk region, the subintestinal vein drains into the omphalomesenteric veins, which breaks up to merge with the vitelline network at NF stage 40.
PMID:12606281
metencephalic artery
2011-08-31T10:38:54Z
The artery that crosses the brain dorsally, and meets the metencephalic vein.
XAO:0004167
ZFA:0005084
lab
PMID:12606281
The artery that crosses the brain dorsally, and meets the metencephalic vein.
metencephalic vein
2011-08-31T10:43:06Z
The vein that crosses the brain dorsally, parallel with the mid-cerebral vein, and meets the metencephalic artery.
XAO:0004168
lab
PMID:12606281
The vein that crosses the brain dorsally, parallel with the mid-cerebral vein, and meets the metencephalic artery.
ophthalmic vein
2011-08-31T11:03:57Z
The dorsal branch/remnant of the vena capitis medialis, that drains blood from the eye. Together with the opthalmic artery, form a double ring encircling the eye and retina.
XAO:0004169
lab
PMID:12606281
The dorsal branch/remnant of the vena capitis medialis, that drains blood from the eye. Together with the opthalmic artery, form a double ring encircling the eye and retina.
vena capitas medialis
2011-08-31T11:14:19Z
One of the major dorsal head veins which drains into the anterior cardinal vein, the other being the vena capitas lateralis.
VCM
XAO:0004170
lab
One of the major dorsal head veins which drains into the anterior cardinal vein, the other being the vena capitas lateralis.
PMID:12606281
vena capitas lateralis
2011-08-31T11:22:11Z
One of the major dorsal head veins which drains into the anterior cardinal vein, the other being the vena capitas medialis.
XAO:0004171
lab
One of the major dorsal head veins which drains into the anterior cardinal vein, the other being the vena capitas medialis.
PMID:12606281
subintestinal vein
2011-08-31T11:24:56Z
The subintestinal vein is formed from and drains into the left omphalomesentric vein, and by NF stage 40, it is on the left side of the gut. It moves to the most ventral aspect of the gut during NFstage 41, and is on the right side of the gut by NF stage 43.
XAO:0004172
ZFA:0005035
lab
PMID:12606281
The subintestinal vein is formed from and drains into the left omphalomesentric vein, and by NF stage 40, it is on the left side of the gut. It moves to the most ventral aspect of the gut during NFstage 41, and is on the right side of the gut by NF stage 43.
mesencephalic artery
2011-08-31T12:02:13Z
The major artery of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet its partner the mesencephalic vein.
UBERON:0001634
XAO:0004173
lab
PMID:12606281
The major artery of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet its partner the mesencephalic vein.
mesencephalic vein
2011-08-31T12:04:02Z
The major vein of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet it's partner the mesencephalic artery.
XAO:0004174
ZFA:0005092
lab
PMID:12606281
The major vein of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet it's partner the mesencephalic artery.
nasociliary artery
2011-08-31T12:13:11Z
The main artery of the olfactory region which arises from the cerebral artery at NF stage 41.
XAO:0004175
lab
PMID:12606281
The main artery of the olfactory region which arises from the cerebral artery at NF stage 41.
choroidal vascular plexus
2011-08-31T12:26:08Z
<new synonym>
A plexus of capillaries that is visible anteromedial to the eye. The choroid is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue, and lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract.
XAO:0004176
capillary lamina of choroid or choriocapillaris
lab
optic choroid vascular plexus
A plexus of capillaries that is visible anteromedial to the eye. The choroid is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue, and lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract.
XAO:curator
dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel
2011-08-31T01:27:30Z
DLAV
Vessel into which intersomitic vessels enter in a regular pattern at each intersomitic junction. Posterior to the gut, the DLAV drains into the fused posterior cardinal vein by a minor right branch and a major left branch. By NF stage 36 the DLAV extends fully to the tip of the tail.
XAO:0004177
ZFA:0005025
lab
PMID:12606281
Vessel into which intersomitic vessels enter in a regular pattern at each intersomitic junction. Posterior to the gut, the DLAV drains into the fused posterior cardinal vein by a minor right branch and a major left branch. By NF stage 36 the DLAV extends fully to the tip of the tail.
dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel- left branch
2011-08-31T01:33:06Z
DLAV - left branch
The major (left ) branch of the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel (dlav), remains as the sole branch after the right branch breaks up at stage 44.
XAO:0004178
lab
PMID:12606281
The major (left ) branch of the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel (dlav), remains as the sole branch after the right branch breaks up at stage 44.
dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel- right branch
2011-08-31T01:38:24Z
DLAV - right branch
The minor (right) branch of the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel (dlav), the right branch disappears during NF stage 44.
XAO:0004179
lab
PMID:12606281
The minor (right) branch of the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel (dlav), the right branch disappears during NF stage 44.
olfactory bulb
2011-08-31T02:08:00Z
Part of the telencephalon, comprised of paired anterior outgrowths of either of the cerebral hemispheres in which the olfactory nerve exits. In Xenopus,the olfactory bulbs begin to fuse at NF stage 50, fusion is complete around NF stage 58. The cerebral vein loops around the olfactory bulb by NF stage 43.
UBERON:0002264
XAO:0004180
bulbus olfactorius
lab
olfactory lobe
AAO:0010165
ISBN:0815318960
Part of the telencephalon, comprised of paired anterior outgrowths of either of the cerebral hemispheres in which the olfactory nerve exits. In Xenopus,the olfactory bulbs begin to fuse at NF stage 50, fusion is complete around NF stage 58. The cerebral vein loops around the olfactory bulb by NF stage 43.
cardiomyocyte
2011-09-02T09:18:06Z
CL:0000193
The cells that comprise cardiac muscle, specificially the myocardium.
XAO:0004181
cardiac muscle cell
cardiac muscle cells
cardiac myocytes
lab
cardiac muscle cells
cardiac myocytes
CL:0000193
The cells that comprise cardiac muscle, specificially the myocardium.
ZFA:0009316
pericardium
2011-09-02T09:40:58Z
AAO:0010817
The outer membrane/wall of the developing heart, surrounding the myocardium. Peritoneum that surrounds the heart.
XAO:0004182
lab
AAO:0010817
The outer membrane/wall of the developing heart, surrounding the myocardium. Peritoneum that surrounds the heart.
pericardial muscle
2011-09-02T09:46:21Z
Muscle which is paired and runs anterio-posteriorly along the heart and is covered with epicardium.
XAO:0004183
ZFA:0001653
lab
Muscle which is paired and runs anterio-posteriorly along the heart and is covered with epicardium.
ZFA:0001653
pericardial roof
2011-09-02T10:01:41Z
The dorsal region of the pericardium.
XAO:0004184
lab
PMID:18598690
The dorsal region of the pericardium.
primary heart field
2011-09-02T10:49:26Z
FHF
PHF
The field of cardiac progenitor cells that form the heart tube in the embryonic heart.
UBERON:0004140
XAO:0004185
first heart field
lab
PMID:18598690
PMID:20671188
The field of cardiac progenitor cells that form the heart tube in the embryonic heart.
secondary heart field
2011-09-02T10:56:21Z
SHF
The population of cells located in the splanchnic mesoderm that contribute to the formation of the spiral septum of the outflow tract of the embryonic heart, it is located anterior to the primary heart field.
XAO:0004186
lab
second heart field
PMID:18598690
PMID:20671188
The population of cells located in the splanchnic mesoderm that contribute to the formation of the spiral septum of the outflow tract of the embryonic heart, it is located anterior to the primary heart field.
anterior branchial crest
2011-09-02T11:14:48Z
ABC
Branchial crest that is the 3rd neural crest stream and lays between hyoid crest and posterior branchial crest.
XAO:0004187
lab
Branchial crest that is the 3rd neural crest stream and lays between hyoid crest and posterior branchial crest.
PMID:21490068
posterior branchial crest
2011-09-02T11:18:11Z
Branchial crest that is the most posterior of the five neural crest streams.
PBC
XAO:0004188
lab
Branchial crest that is the most posterior of the five neural crest streams.
PMID:21490068
endocardial cushion
2011-09-02T02:17:35Z
The discrete swellings of cardiac jelly in the outflow tract and ventricular walls of the developing embryonic heart.
UBERON:0002062
XAO:0004189
cardiac cushion
lab
PMID:21490068
The discrete swellings of cardiac jelly in the outflow tract and ventricular walls of the developing embryonic heart.
cardiac neural crest
2011-09-02T02:35:20Z
Neural crest that develops from the dorsal neural tube. It overlaps the vagal neural crest and migrates to contribute to the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 (producing structures in the head) and to the heart where it contribures to connective tissue (septa) that separates the vessels of the heart. Cardiac neural crest develops into melanocytes, cartilage, connective tissue and neurons of some pharyngeal arches.
UBERON:0000095
XAO:0004190
lab
Neural crest that develops from the dorsal neural tube. It overlaps the vagal neural crest and migrates to contribute to the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 (producing structures in the head) and to the heart where it contribures to connective tissue (septa) that separates the vessels of the heart. Cardiac neural crest develops into melanocytes, cartilage, connective tissue and neurons of some pharyngeal arches.
WIKI:Cardiac_neural_crest_complex
vagal neural crest
2011-09-02T02:50:42Z
One of the 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest. Together with the sacral neural crest cells, they develop into the ganglia of the enteric nervous system, also known as the parasympathetic ganglia. These cells, between the head and trunk, contribute post-cranially to the heart and gut, the chromatophores (pigment cells) of the epidermis, and the majority of the neurons and glial cells of the enteric nervous system. Both vagal and sacral neural crest cells contribute to the enteric nervous system in the hindgut.
UBERON:0005428
VNC
XAO:0004191
lab
One of the 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest. Together with the sacral neural crest cells, they develop into the ganglia of the enteric nervous system, also known as the parasympathetic ganglia. These cells, between the head and trunk, contribute post-cranially to the heart and gut, the chromatophores (pigment cells) of the epidermis, and the majority of the neurons and glial cells of the enteric nervous system. Both vagal and sacral neural crest cells contribute to the enteric nervous system in the hindgut.
PMID:9753687
XAO:CJZ
sacral neural crest
2011-09-02T02:53:34Z
One of the 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest. Together with the vagal neural crest cells, they develop into the ganglia of the enteric nervous system, also known as the parasympathetic ganglia. Sacral crest cells are associated with extrinsic nerve fibers of the hindgut and colon.
SNC
XAO:0004192
lab
One of the 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest. Together with the vagal neural crest cells, they develop into the ganglia of the enteric nervous system, also known as the parasympathetic ganglia. Sacral crest cells are associated with extrinsic nerve fibers of the hindgut and colon.
XAO:CJZ
ossicle
2011-09-13T09:36:09Z
Skeletal element that is often isolated, small, and is usually ossified.
VSAO:0000132
XAO:0004193
lab
Skeletal element that is often isolated, small, and is usually ossified.
VAO:0000132
appendicular ossicle
2011-09-13T09:38:19Z
Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton.
VSAO:0000131
XAO:0004194
lab
Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton.
VAO:0000131
cellular bone tissue
2011-09-13T09:43:56Z
Mineralized bone tissue that always includes non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts and osteocytes.
VSAO:0000118
XAO:0004195
lab
Mineralized bone tissue that always includes non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts and osteocytes.
VAO:0000118
cementum
2011-09-13T09:46:43Z
Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument.
VSAO:0000062
XAO:0004196
bone of attachment
lab
Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument.
VAO:0000062
elastic cartilage tissue
2011-09-13T09:48:42Z
Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers.
VSAO:0000091
XAO:0004197
lab
Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers.
VAO:0000091
enamel
2011-09-13T09:51:23Z
Skeletal tissue that consists of an avascular, noncollagenous, hypermineralized matrix that is deposited by ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enamel develops from organic pre-enamel tissue that is replaced by a largely inorganic matrix.
VSAO:0000065
XAO:0004198
enamel tissue
lab
Skeletal tissue that consists of an avascular, noncollagenous, hypermineralized matrix that is deposited by ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enamel develops from organic pre-enamel tissue that is replaced by a largely inorganic matrix.
VAO:0000065
enameloid
2011-09-13T09:56:25Z
Skeletal tissue that is hypermineralized and aprismatic and deposited by a combination of ameloblasts and odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enameloid develops from pre-enameloid tissue.
VSAO:0000113
XAO:0004199
bitypic enamel
durodentine
enameloid tissue
lab
vitrodentine
Skeletal tissue that is hypermineralized and aprismatic and deposited by a combination of ameloblasts and odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enameloid develops from pre-enameloid tissue.
VAO:0000113
non-mineralized chondroid tissue
2011-09-13T09:59:02Z
Chondroid tissue that is not mineralized.
VSAO:0000077
XAO:0004200
lab
Chondroid tissue that is not mineralized.
XAO:EJS
odontode tissue
2011-09-13T10:00:35Z
Skeletal tissue that is avascular tubular mineralized matrix, primarily made of dentine that is deposited by odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix; develops from pre-dentine tissue.
VSAO:0000123
XAO:0004201
dental tissue
lab
Skeletal tissue that is avascular tubular mineralized matrix, primarily made of dentine that is deposited by odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix; develops from pre-dentine tissue.
VAO:0000123
pre-enamel
2011-09-13T10:08:54Z
Odontogenic tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by preameloblast and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.
VSAO:0000066
XAO:0004202
lab
pre-enamel tissue
preenamel tissue
Odontogenic tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by preameloblast and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.
VAO:0000066
pre-enameloid
2011-09-13T10:15:16Z
Odontoid tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by odontoblasts and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.
VSAO:0000114
XAO:0004203
lab
non-mineralized enameloid tissue
Odontoid tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by odontoblasts and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.
VAO:0000114
sesamoid
2011-09-13T10:23:39Z
Replacement element; an ossicle; often an endochondral replacement element that has cartilage and bone states that develops in dense regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments).
VSAO:0000137
XAO:0004204
lab
Replacement element; an ossicle; often an endochondral replacement element that has cartilage and bone states that develops in dense regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments).
VAO:0000137
gall bladder primordium
2011-09-13T01:15:58Z
A sac-like cavity ventral to the liver, lying in the sub-mesodermal space and closed by a thin sheet of ectodermal cells, from which the future gall bladder develops.
UBERON:0006242
XAO:0004205
lab
A sac-like cavity ventral to the liver, lying in the sub-mesodermal space and closed by a thin sheet of ectodermal cells, from which the future gall bladder develops.
ISBN:0815318960
anterior placodal area
2011-09-13T01:29:48Z
APA
One of the 2 subregions of the pre-placodal ectoderm, which lies abutting and anterior to the neural plate.
XAO:0004206
lab
ISBN:0878933840
One of the 2 subregions of the pre-placodal ectoderm, which lies abutting and anterior to the neural plate.
posterior placodal area
2011-09-13T01:40:58Z
One of the 2 subregions of the pre-placodal ectoderm, which lies abutting and lateral to the neural crest.
PPA
XAO:0004207
lab
ISBN:0878933840
One of the 2 subregions of the pre-placodal ectoderm, which lies abutting and lateral to the neural crest.
adenohypophyseal placode
2011-09-13T01:47:17Z
The small pre-placodal ectoderm area that develops at the midline of the anterior neural ridge, abutting the anterior neural plate, and invagintes to form Rathke's pouch, which in turn forms the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and gives rise to the endocrine secretory cells of the pituitary.
XAO:0004208
lab
pituitary placode
ISBN:0878933840
The small pre-placodal ectoderm area that develops at the midline of the anterior neural ridge, abutting the anterior neural plate, and invagintes to form Rathke's pouch, which in turn forms the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and gives rise to the endocrine secretory cells of the pituitary.
anterior neural ridge
2011-09-13T02:26:18Z
ANR
The region that delineates the rostral boundary of the neural plate in the neural stage embryo, and is devoid of neural crest cells. It gives rise to the pre-placodal region, some elements of the forebrain, and the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
XAO:0004209
lab
ISBN:0878933840
The region that delineates the rostral boundary of the neural plate in the neural stage embryo, and is devoid of neural crest cells. It gives rise to the pre-placodal region, some elements of the forebrain, and the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
infundibulum
2011-09-13T02:33:45Z
The region of the diencephalon above Rathke's pouch, and forms the posterior lobe of the pituitary.
XAO:0004210
ZFA:0001199
hypophysial stalk
infundibulum of hypothalamus
lab
pituitary stalk
The region of the diencephalon above Rathke's pouch, and forms the posterior lobe of the pituitary.
XAO:curator
facial epibranchial placode
2011-09-14T09:21:23Z
The most anterior of the epibranchial placodes, associated with the 1st pharyngeal cleft and it contributes to the distal ganglia of cranial nerve VII (facial nerve).
XAO:0004211
geniculate placode
lab
ISBN:0878933840
The most anterior of the epibranchial placodes, associated with the 1st pharyngeal cleft and it contributes to the distal ganglia of cranial nerve VII (facial nerve).
glossopharyngeal epibranchial placode
2011-09-14T09:25:28Z
The central of the three epibranchial placodes, associated with the 2nd pharyngeal cleft and it contributes to the distal ganglia of cranial nerve XI (glossopharyngeal nerve).
XAO:0004212
lab
petrosal placode
ISBN:0878933840
The central of the three epibranchial placodes, associated with the 2nd pharyngeal cleft and it contributes to the distal ganglia of cranial nerve XI (glossopharyngeal nerve).
vagal epibranchial placode
2011-09-14T09:36:07Z
The most posterior of the epibranchial placodes, in Xenopus in 3 distinct zones, associated with the 3rd -6th pharyngeal clefts, and contributing to the facial, lateral line and glossopharyngeal ganglion.
XAO:0004213
lab
nodose placode
nodose placodes
vagal epibranchial placodes
ISBN:0878933840
The most posterior of the epibranchial placodes, in Xenopus in 3 distinct zones, associated with the 3rd -6th pharyngeal clefts, and contributing to the facial, lateral line and glossopharyngeal ganglion.
vagal epibranchial placodes
nodose placodes
cranial nerve XI
2011-09-14T10:03:25Z
A small motor nerve which emerges from the lateral wall of the medulla with the roots of the vagus nerve, and innervates a single pectoral suspensory muscle, the m.cucullaris.
XAO:0004214
accessory nerve
lab
A small motor nerve which emerges from the lateral wall of the medulla with the roots of the vagus nerve, and innervates a single pectoral suspensory muscle, the m.cucullaris.
ISBN:080184780X
cranial nerve XII
2011-09-14T10:07:12Z
This nerve leads to the muscles of the tongue, and has both sensory and motor functions.
XAO:0004215
hypoglossal nerve
lab
ISBN:080184780X
This nerve leads to the muscles of the tongue, and has both sensory and motor functions.
glomeral nexus
2011-09-14T10:38:02Z
The narrow bridge that links the two glomera of the pronephric kidney.
XAO:0004216
lab
The narrow bridge that links the two glomera of the pronephric kidney.
XAO:curator
motor neuron
2012-01-27T09:25:00Z
An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.
CL:0000100
XAO:0004217
eriks
motoneuron
An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.
CL:0000100
palatoquadrate
AAO:0000379
The dorsal component of the mandibular arch, the ventral one being Meckel's cartilage. Together with the ceratohyal and connecting musculature, it is responsible for the ventilation and irrigation of the filter apparatus.
XAO:0004218
eriks
The dorsal component of the mandibular arch, the ventral one being Meckel's cartilage. Together with the ceratohyal and connecting musculature, it is responsible for the ventilation and irrigation of the filter apparatus.
XAO:curator
ceratohyal
AAO:0000666
Cartilaginous element that, together with the palatoquadrate and connecting musculature, is responsible for the ventilation and irrigation of the of the filter apparatus.
XAO:0004219
ch
eriks
Cartilaginous element that, together with the palatoquadrate and connecting musculature, is responsible for the ventilation and irrigation of the of the filter apparatus.
XAO:curator
anteroventral lateral line placode
2012-01-27T09:32:47Z
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the anteroventral lateral line nerve.
XAO:0004220
eriks
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the anteroventral lateral line nerve.
XAO:EJS
anterior lateral line placode
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the anterior lateral line nerve.
XAO:0004221
eriks
pre-auditory lateral line placode
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the anterior lateral line nerve.
XAO:EJS
middle lateral line placode
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the middle lateral line nerve.
XAO:0004222
eriks
intermediate lateral line placode
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the middle lateral line nerve.
XAO:EJS
posterior lateral line placode
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the posterior lateral line nerve.
XAO:0004223
eriks
vagus lateral line placode
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the posterior lateral line nerve.
XAO:EJS
transporting epithelium
Type of epithelium that facilitates the transcellular transport of solutes. This transport can either be absorption, transport from lumen (apical membrane surface) to blood; or secretion, transport from blood (basolateral membrane surface) to lumen.
XAO:0004224
eriks
transporting epithelia
transporting epithelia
Type of epithelium that facilitates the transcellular transport of solutes. This transport can either be absorption, transport from lumen (apical membrane surface) to blood; or secretion, transport from blood (basolateral membrane surface) to lumen.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcellular_transport
non-ciliated epithelial cell
Type of cell of the epidermis lacking cilia, which separate and space the ciliated epidermal cells.
XAO:0004225
eriks
intercalating non-ciliated cell
non-ciliated epithelial cells
PMID:16728476
Type of cell of the epidermis lacking cilia, which separate and space the ciliated epidermal cells.
non-ciliated epithelial cells
ventral tegmentum
Region of the mesencephalon that arises from a small area of the neural plate, spanning the midline immediately adjacent, and being slightly posterior to the dorsal tegmentum area.
UBERON:0002691
XAO:0004226
eriks
tegmentum ventrale
ventral brain stem
PMID:2351962
Region of the mesencephalon that arises from a small area of the neural plate, spanning the midline immediately adjacent, and being slightly posterior to the dorsal tegmentum area.
dorsal tegmentum
Region of the mesencephalon that arises from a small area of the neural plate immediately adjacent and slightly anterior to the ventral tegmentum area.
XAO:0004227
dorsal brain stem
eriks
tegmentum dorsale
PMID:2351962
Region of the mesencephalon that arises from a small area of the neural plate immediately adjacent and slightly anterior to the ventral tegmentum area.
lateral abdominal vein
2012-01-27T09:37:16Z
Laterally located vein that drains the ventral abdominal wall.
XAO:0004228
eriks
ISBN:0815318960
Laterally located vein that drains the ventral abdominal wall.
fin crest
The thin epidermis extension of the inner fin visible in the mid trunk region of the inner fin at NF stage 27, and extending posteriorly and then ventrally, ending just before the proctodeum. The fin is more homogeneous in NF stage 46 tadpoles, and the inner fin and fin crest are no longer discrete.
XAO:0004229
eriks
The thin epidermis extension of the inner fin visible in the mid trunk region of the inner fin at NF stage 27, and extending posteriorly and then ventrally, ending just before the proctodeum. The fin is more homogeneous in NF stage 46 tadpoles, and the inner fin and fin crest are no longer discrete.
XAO:curator
anterior hypothalamus
2012-01-27T09:51:09Z
Anterior part of the hypothalamus, given rise by the midanterior neural ridge along with the chiasmatic ridge during forebrain morphogenesis.
XAO:0004230
eriks
Anterior part of the hypothalamus, given rise by the midanterior neural ridge along with the chiasmatic ridge during forebrain morphogenesis.
PMID:8537821
barbel
A single long structure at each corner of the mouth that has muscle fibers attached to an internal cartilaginous support and that is mobile.
XAO:0004231
eriks
A single long structure at each corner of the mouth that has muscle fibers attached to an internal cartilaginous support and that is mobile.
ISBN:0226557626
spiracle
The exit for respiratory water in the tadpole.
XAO:0004232
eriks
ISBN:0226557626
The exit for respiratory water in the tadpole.
truncus arteriosus
A cranial continuation of the bulbis cordis that contains two lateral branches and divides into the carotid arch, systemic arch, and pulmocutaneous arch.
UBERON:0002061
XAO:0004233
eriks
A cranial continuation of the bulbis cordis that contains two lateral branches and divides into the carotid arch, systemic arch, and pulmocutaneous arch.
ISBN:0801836018
bulbous arteriosis
Multi-tissue structure through which the blood exits the heart. It is a chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches.
XAO:0004234
eriks
Multi-tissue structure through which the blood exits the heart. It is a chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches.
ZFA:0000173
manicotto glandulare
The larval stomach.
XAO:0004235
eriks
ISBN:0226893340
The larval stomach.
posterior hypothalamus
2012-01-27T09:51:49Z
Posterior part of the hypothalamus, given rise by the midanterior neural plate during forebrain morphogenesis.
XAO:0004236
eriks
PMID:8537821
Posterior part of the hypothalamus, given rise by the midanterior neural plate during forebrain morphogenesis.
lateral ganglionic eminence
2012-01-27T09:59:19Z
LGE
Transitory brain structure laterally located in the ventral part of the telencephalon, where it forms bulges in the ventricles.
UBERON:0004025
XAO:0004237
eriks
Transitory brain structure laterally located in the ventral part of the telencephalon, where it forms bulges in the ventricles.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglionic_eminence
femur rudiment
A cartilaginous element that is the primordium or commencement of a femur.
XAO:0004238
eriks
A cartilaginous element that is the primordium or commencement of a femur.
XAO:EJS
hind digit 1
The 1st digit of the foot.
UBERON:0003631
XAO:0004239
eriks
hallux
toe 1
toe I
The 1st digit of the foot.
UBERON:0003631
branchial vein
Type of vein that drains the gill region and which passes backwards lateral to the gill chambers and opens into the pronephric sinus.
XAO:0004240
eriks
ISBN:0815318960
Type of vein that drains the gill region and which passes backwards lateral to the gill chambers and opens into the pronephric sinus.
ischiadic vein
A vein of the hind limb, first visible in the developing hind limb bud at c. NF stage 50 when it enters the ventral commissural vessel.
XAO:0004241
eriks
A vein of the hind limb, first visible in the developing hind limb bud at c. NF stage 50 when it enters the ventral commissural vessel.
ISBN:0815318960
ischiadic artery
The accompanying artery of ischiadic nerve.
XAO:0004242
eriks
The accompanying artery of ischiadic nerve.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accompanying_artery_of_ischiadic_nerve
femoral vein
AAO:0010237
Either of the primary veins in the hindlimbs which collect blood from the hindlimb region.
XAO:0004243
eriks
vena femoralis
AAO:0010237
Either of the primary veins in the hindlimbs which collect blood from the hindlimb region.
mandibular artery
AAO:0010496
Part of the lateral pretrosal artery which supplies blood to the roof of the mouth.
XAO:0004244
eriks
AAO:0010496
Part of the lateral pretrosal artery which supplies blood to the roof of the mouth.
maxillary artery
A type of artery that supplies the deep structures of the facial region. It branches from the external carotid artery.
UBERON:0001616
XAO:0004245
eriks
A type of artery that supplies the deep structures of the facial region. It branches from the external carotid artery.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillary_artery
rhombomere R7
2012-01-27T10:01:06Z
The 7th segment of the developing hindbrain.
UBERON:0005523
XAO:0004246
eriks
r7
rhombomere 7
The 7th segment of the developing hindbrain.
XAO:EJS
vertebral artery
A major artery of the neck that branches from the subclavian arteries and merge to form the single midline basilar artery.
UBERON:0001535
XAO:0004247
eriks
A major artery of the neck that branches from the subclavian arteries and merge to form the single midline basilar artery.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebral_artery
epigastric artery
Artery that supplies the anterior wall of the abdomen.
UBERON:0006349
XAO:0004248
eriks
Artery that supplies the anterior wall of the abdomen.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/epigastric+artery
renal artery
AAO:0010223
Artery which supplies blood via branches to the gonads, oviducts, and kidneys.
XAO:0004249
eriks
interrenal artery
AAO:0010223
Artery which supplies blood via branches to the gonads, oviducts, and kidneys.
facial vein
AAO:0010513
Vein which collects blood from muscles of the head and drains into the external jugular vein.
XAO:0004250
eriks
AAO:0010513
Vein which collects blood from muscles of the head and drains into the external jugular vein.
cutaneous magnus
Vein that comes from the skin of the trunk.
XAO:0004251
eriks
Vein that comes from the skin of the trunk.
XAO:EJS
cutaneous femoral vein
Vein that comes from the subcutaneous tissue of the hindlimb stylopod.
XAO:0004252
eriks
Vein that comes from the subcutaneous tissue of the hindlimb stylopod.
XAO:EJS
postcaval vein
AAO:0010506
One of three major veins which enter the sinus venosus.
XAO:0004253
eriks
AAO:0010506
One of three major veins which enter the sinus venosus.
subclavian vein
2012-01-28T05:08:21Z
AAO:0010510
Vein which collects blood from the forelimb via the branchial veins and from the muscles and skin of the trunk via the anterior epigastric and lateral veins.
XAO:0004254
eriks
AAO:0010510
Vein which collects blood from the forelimb via the branchial veins and from the muscles and skin of the trunk via the anterior epigastric and lateral veins.
lateral vein
AAO:0010515
Either of the veins which collect blood from the trunk and skin and drain into the subclavian vein.
XAO:0004255
eriks
AAO:0010515
Either of the veins which collect blood from the trunk and skin and drain into the subclavian vein.
ventral abdominal vein
A vein formed by the combination of veins in the pelvic region which collects blood from the liver, stomach, intestines, and gall bladder.
AAO:0010517
XAO:0004256
eriks
A vein formed by the combination of veins in the pelvic region which collects blood from the liver, stomach, intestines, and gall bladder.
AAO:0010517
Jacobson's vein
AAO:0010519
Vein which drains Jacobson's organ.
XAO:0004257
eriks
Vein which drains Jacobson's organ.
XAO:curator
subpallium
Structure that comprises the base region of the telencephalon.
UBERON:0000204
XAO:0004258
eriks
Structure that comprises the base region of the telencephalon.
UBERON:0000204
medial ganglionic eminence
MGE
Transitory brain structure medially located in the ventral part of the telencephalon, where it forms bulges in the ventricles.
UBERON:0004024
XAO:0004259
eriks
Transitory brain structure medially located in the ventral part of the telencephalon, where it forms bulges in the ventricles.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglionic_eminence
pharyngeal pouch
Any of the outpocketings of pharyngeal endoderm that interdigitate with the neural crest derived pharyngeal arches. The pouches later fuse with the surface ectoderm to form the gill slits.
UBERON:0004117
XAO:0004260
eriks
pharyngeal pouches
pharyngeal pouches
Any of the outpocketings of pharyngeal endoderm that interdigitate with the neural crest derived pharyngeal arches. The pouches later fuse with the surface ectoderm to form the gill slits.
TAO:0001106
pharyngeal region
Region encompassing the oral end of the alimentary canal.
UBERON:0009145
XAO:0004261
eriks
Region encompassing the oral end of the alimentary canal.
XAO:EJS
ventral caudal lymphatic vessel
Lymphatic vessel located in the posterior ventral region of the trunk, ventral to the posterior cardinal vein.
VCLV
XAO:0004262
eriks
Lymphatic vessel located in the posterior ventral region of the trunk, ventral to the posterior cardinal vein.
PMID:9048122465
stylopod
Limb segment that is the proximal part of the limb.
UBERON:0002472
XAO:0004263
eriks
Limb segment that is the proximal part of the limb.
UBERON:0002472
zeugopod
Limb segment that is the middle part of the limb.
UBERON:0002471
XAO:0004264
eriks
Limb segment that is the middle part of the limb.
UBERON:0002471
autopod
Limb segment that is the terminal part of the limb.
UBERON:0002470
XAO:0004265
eriks
Limb segment that is the terminal part of the limb.
XAO:EJS
rhombomere R8
2012-01-27T10:01:21Z
The 8th and most posterior segment of the developing hindbrain.
UBERON:0005527
XAO:0004266
eriks
r8
rhombomere 8
The 8th and most posterior segment of the developing hindbrain.
XAO:EJS
interneuron
2012-01-27T10:24:56Z
A multipolar neuron that connects afferent neurons and efferent neurons in neural pathways. They are found within the central nervous system and enteric nervous system.
CL:0000099
XAO:0004267
eriks
A multipolar neuron that connects afferent neurons and efferent neurons in neural pathways. They are found within the central nervous system and enteric nervous system.
WIKI:Interneuron
posterior lateral line
A lateral line that extends from the ear in a posterior-ventral direction.
XAO:0004268
eriks
A lateral line that extends from the ear in a posterior-ventral direction.
PMID:2652193
anterodorsal lateral line placode
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the anterodorsal lateral line nerve.
XAO:0004269
eriks
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the anterodorsal lateral line nerve.
XAO:EJS
hepato-pancreatic progenitor cell
Any of a field of cells in the posterior section of the foregut that will give rise to the liver bud and dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds.
XAO:0004270
eriks
hepato-pancreatic progenitor cells
Any of a field of cells in the posterior section of the foregut that will give rise to the liver bud and dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds.
XAO:curator
hepato-pancreatic progenitor cells
midbrain tegmentum
2012-01-28T06:06:15Z
Multi-tissue structure that is the ventral part of the midbrain.
UBERON:0001943
XAO:0004271
eriks
Multi-tissue structure that is the ventral part of the midbrain.
ZFA:0000160
migrating neuroblast
2012-02-08T12:22:41Z
Any of the neuronal precursor cells that are isolated and scattered throughout the anterior ventro-lateral region of the embryo, generally in a punctate pattern, immediately below the ectoderm.
XAO:0004272
eriks
Any of the neuronal precursor cells that are isolated and scattered throughout the anterior ventro-lateral region of the embryo, generally in a punctate pattern, immediately below the ectoderm.
PMID:17554687
XAO:curator
articular system
Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body.
VSAO:0000181
XAO:0004274
joint system
Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body.
VAO:0000181
axial ossicle
Ossicle that is part of the axial skeleton.
VSAO:0000133
XAO:0004275
Ossicle that is part of the axial skeleton.
VAO:0000133
bone element
Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.
VSAO:0000057
XAO:0004276
bone
bone organ
Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.
VAO:0000057
caudal fin skeleton
Median fin skeleton supporting the caudal fin.
VSAO:0000167
XAO:0004277
Median fin skeleton supporting the caudal fin.
VAO:0000167
coracoid
Paired bone which is part of the shoulder assembly, joining the scapula to the front end of the sternum.
VSAO:0000158
XAO:0004278
Paired bone which is part of the shoulder assembly, joining the scapula to the front end of the sternum.
Wikipedia:Coracoid
cranial skeleton
Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus.
VSAO:0000049
XAO:0004279
Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus.
VAO:0000049
dorsal fin skeleton
Median fin skeleton located on the dorsal surface of the organism.
VSAO:0000168
XAO:0004280
Median fin skeleton located on the dorsal surface of the organism.
VAO:0000168
median fin
Fin that is an unpaired fin located in the sagittal plane of the organism.
VSAO:0000162
XAO:0004281
Fin that is an unpaired fin located in the sagittal plane of the organism.
VAO:0000162
median fin skeleton
Postcranial axial skeleton that is unpaired and located on the sagittal plane of the organism.
VSAO:0000170
XAO:0004282
axial fin skeleton
unpaired fin skeleton
Postcranial axial skeleton that is unpaired and located on the sagittal plane of the organism.
VAO:0000170
paired appendage
Appendage that is one of the anterior or posterior paired appendages (i.e. the forelimbs and hindlimbs).
VSAO:0000067
XAO:0004283
Appendage that is one of the anterior or posterior paired appendages (i.e. the forelimbs and hindlimbs).
XAO:EJS
pectoral appendage
Appendage that is one of the anterior paired appendages (i.e. the forelimbs).
VSAO:0000125
XAO:0004284
anterior paired appendage
Appendage that is one of the anterior paired appendages (i.e. the forelimbs).
XAO:EJS
pelvic appendage
Appendage that is one of the posterior paired appendages (i.e. the hindlimbs).
VSAO:0000126
XAO:0004285
posterior paired appendage
Appendage that is one of the posterior paired appendages (i.e. the hindlimbs).
XAO:EJS
scapula
Bone that forms the posterior part of the pectoral (shoulder) girdle.
VSAO:0000157
XAO:0004286
Bone that forms the posterior part of the pectoral (shoulder) girdle.
Wikipedia:Scapula
vertebral centrum
Skeletal element that surrounds the notochord.
VSAO:0000183
XAO:0004287
centrum
Skeletal element that surrounds the notochord.
VAO:0000183
vertebral element
Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column.
VSAO:0000184
XAO:0004288
Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column.
VAO:0000184
skeletal subdivision
Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.
VSAO:0000042
XAO:0004289
Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.
VAO:0000042
cell component
2012-02-23T11:17:28Z
Anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell.
CARO:0000014
XAO:0004290
eriks
Anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell.
CARO:0000014
cell-free extract
2012-03-10T01:20:30Z
A solution obtained by rupturing cells (especially unfertilized oocytes) and removing all particulate matter.
XAO:0004291
cell-free extracts
eriks
xenopus_anatomy_in_vitro
cell-free extracts
A solution obtained by rupturing cells (especially unfertilized oocytes) and removing all particulate matter.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cell-free+extract
wedge region
2012-03-10T01:46:15Z
Region of the oocyte vegetal cortex which contains a subdomain of ER organized on top of the mitochondrial cloud and where localization of Vg1 mRNA takes place.
XAO:0004292
eriks
PMID:15654016
Region of the oocyte vegetal cortex which contains a subdomain of ER organized on top of the mitochondrial cloud and where localization of Vg1 mRNA takes place.
ring structure
2012-03-10T01:47:35Z
Contractile ring formed at the division plane of the oocyte during first cleavage.
XAO:0004293
eriks
Contractile ring formed at the division plane of the oocyte during first cleavage.
PMID:11942608
limb segment
2012-03-10T02:08:16Z
A major subdivision of a limb.
UBERON:0002529
XAO:0004294
segerdel
A major subdivision of a limb.
UBERON:0002529
forelimb stylopod
2012-03-10T02:21:56Z
A stylopod that is part of a forelimb.
UBERON:0003822
XAO:0004295
segerdel
A stylopod that is part of a forelimb.
UBERON:0003822
hindlimb stylopod
2012-03-10T02:22:26Z
A stylopod that is part of a hindlimb.
UBERON:0000376
XAO:0004296
segerdel
A stylopod that is part of a hindlimb.
XAO:EJS
forelimb zeugopod
2012-03-10T02:29:57Z
A zeugopod that is part of a forelimb.
UBERON:0002386
XAO:0004297
segerdel
A zeugopod that is part of a forelimb.
XAO:EJS
hindlimb zeugopod
2012-03-10T02:30:08Z
A zeugopod that is part of a hindlimb.
UBERON:0003823
XAO:0004298
segerdel
A zeugopod that is part of a hindlimb.
UBERON:0003823
hand
2012-03-10T02:45:33Z
Terminal portion of a forelimb.
UBERON:0002398
XAO:0004299
segerdel
Terminal portion of a forelimb.
UBERON:0002398
foot
2012-03-10T02:45:35Z
Terminal portion of a hindlimb which bears weight and allows locomotion.
UBERON:0002387
XAO:0004300
segerdel
Terminal portion of a hindlimb which bears weight and allows locomotion.
UBERON:0002387
eminentia thalami
2012-03-10T03:15:31Z
Part of the diencephalon that is located between the prethalamus, hypothalamus, and the telencephalon.
XAO:0004301
segerdel
Part of the diencephalon that is located between the prethalamus, hypothalamus, and the telencephalon.
XAO:EJS
pallium
2012-03-10T03:21:58Z
Structure that comprises the roof region of the telencephalon.
UBERON:0000203
XAO:0004302
segerdel
Structure that comprises the roof region of the telencephalon.
UBERON:0000203
pretectum
2012-03-10T03:28:09Z
Multi-tissue structure that is the dorsal part of the diencephalon and the major sensory input to which is visual.
XAO:0004303
ZFA:0000418
forebrain-midbrain boundary
segerdel
Multi-tissue structure that is the dorsal part of the diencephalon and the major sensory input to which is visual.
ZFA:0000418
prethalamus
2012-03-10T03:34:32Z
Multi-tissue structure forming the anterior part of the diencephalon and lying between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and eminentia thalami.
UBERON:0001900
XAO:0004304
segerdel
Multi-tissue structure forming the anterior part of the diencephalon and lying between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and eminentia thalami.
XAO:EJS
zona limitans intrathalamica
2012-03-10T03:39:28Z
A narrow stripe of cells that lies between the prospective dorsal and ventral thalami. This boundary contains signals that pattern the prethalamic and thalamic territories of the future mid-diencephalon.
UBERON:0009848
XAO:0004305
segerdel
A narrow stripe of cells that lies between the prospective dorsal and ventral thalami. This boundary contains signals that pattern the prethalamic and thalamic territories of the future mid-diencephalon.
UBERON:0009848
thalamus
2012-03-10T03:44:52Z
A midline paired symmetrical structure within the brain; the main product of the embryonic diencephalon.
UBERON:0001897
XAO:0004306
segerdel
A midline paired symmetrical structure within the brain; the main product of the embryonic diencephalon.
UBERON:0001897
head mesenchyme
2012-03-10T04:21:21Z
Mesoderm that will give rise, along with cranial neural crest cells, to connective tissue, bone and musculature in the head.
XAO:0004307
segerdel
Mesoderm that will give rise, along with cranial neural crest cells, to connective tissue, bone and musculature in the head.
ZFA:0000113
glial cell
2012-03-10T09:44:35Z
Any of the non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the brain, and for neurons in other parts of the nervous system such as in the autonomic nervous system. Neural crest derived.
CL:0000125
XAO:0004308
eriks
glial cells
neuroglia
neuroglial cells
Any of the non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the brain, and for neurons in other parts of the nervous system such as in the autonomic nervous system. Neural crest derived.
XAO:CJZ
glial cells
postmigratory neural crest cell
2012-03-10T09:50:34Z
Any of the cells that are of neural crest origin, now in place in their postmigratory target tissues, such as the sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglia, gut or skin. They can be visualised or detected by specific molecular markers.
XAO:0004309
eriks
postmigratory neural crest cells
Any of the cells that are of neural crest origin, now in place in their postmigratory target tissues, such as the sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglia, gut or skin. They can be visualised or detected by specific molecular markers.
XAO:CJZ
postmigratory neural crest cells
stapes
2012-03-10T10:07:32Z
Bone of the ear that is connected to the tympanic membrane via the extrastapes.
UBERON:0001687
XAO:0004310
eriks
Bone of the ear that is connected to the tympanic membrane via the extrastapes.
ISBN:0520252780
regenerating limb
2012-03-10T10:08:56Z
A portion of limb tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
XAO:0004311
eriks
A portion of limb tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
XAO:EJS
regenerating fin
2012-03-10T10:10:26Z
A portion of fin tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
XAO:0004312
eriks
A portion of fin tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
XAO:EJS
joint region
2012-03-10T10:13:09Z
Anatomical region containing a joint, two or more adjacent bones or cartilages which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.
XAO:0004313
eriks
Anatomical region containing a joint, two or more adjacent bones or cartilages which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.
XAO:EJS
digit-joint region
2012-03-10T10:14:19Z
Anatomical region containing a joint in a digit, one of several most distal parts of a limb.
XAO:0004314
eriks
Anatomical region containing a joint in a digit, one of several most distal parts of a limb.
XAO:EJS
perichondrial cell
2012-03-10T10:15:02Z
A cell of the perichondrium, the fibrous membrane of connective tissue covering the surface of cartilage.
XAO:0004315
eriks
perichondrial cells
A cell of the perichondrium, the fibrous membrane of connective tissue covering the surface of cartilage.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Perichondrial
perichondrial cells
interdigital region
2012-03-10T10:16:20Z
Anatomical region between digits, the most distal parts of a limb.
XAO:0004316
eriks
Anatomical region between digits, the most distal parts of a limb.
XAO:EJS
amputated tissue
2012-03-10T10:19:48Z
A portion of tissue that has been removed from the body.
XAO:0004317
eriks
A portion of tissue that has been removed from the body.
XAO:EJS
amputated fin
2012-03-10T10:22:32Z
A portion of fin tissue that has been removed from the body.
XAO:0004318
eriks
A portion of fin tissue that has been removed from the body.
XAO:EJS
amputated limb
2012-03-10T10:23:05Z
A portion of limb tissue that has been removed from the body.
XAO:0004319
eriks
A portion of limb tissue that has been removed from the body.
XAO:EJS
mesenchymal cell
2012-03-10T11:14:06Z
An undifferentiated cell found in mesenchyme that is capable of differentiating into various specialized connective tissues.
XAO:0004320
eriks
An undifferentiated cell found in mesenchyme that is capable of differentiating into various specialized connective tissues.
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Mesenchymal+stem+cell
dorsal caudal lymphatic vessel
2012-03-25T03:48:38Z
DCLV
Lymphatic vessel located in the posterior dorsal region of the trunk.
XAO:0004321
eriksegerdell
Lymphatic vessel located in the posterior dorsal region of the trunk.
XAO:EJS
cranial muscle
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Any of the muscle that is part of the head.
XAO:0004322
eriksegerdell
Any of the muscle that is part of the head.
XAO:curator
mandibular head muscle
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Any of the paired mandibular arch muscles.
XAO:0004323
eriksegerdell
Any of the paired mandibular arch muscles.
PMID:21050205
hyoid head muscle
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Any of the bilateral hyoid arch muscles innervated by cranial nerve VII.
XAO:0004324
eriksegerdell
Any of the bilateral hyoid arch muscles innervated by cranial nerve VII.
PMID:21050205
branchial head muscle
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Any of the muscles that support the filigreed structure of the gill basket necessary for filter feeding, through the stabilisation, extension and compression of the gill basket.
XAO:0004325
eriksegerdell
Any of the muscles that support the filigreed structure of the gill basket necessary for filter feeding, through the stabilisation, extension and compression of the gill basket.
PMID:21050205
hypobranchial head muscle
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Straplike muscle that arises from elements of the pectoral girdle and pass to the hyoid bone and laryngeal cartilages.
XAO:0004326
eriksegerdell
Straplike muscle that arises from elements of the pectoral girdle and pass to the hyoid bone and laryngeal cartilages.
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/279858/hypobranchial-muscle
eye muscle
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
A muscle that is part of the eye region and controls the movement of the eye.
UBERON:0004277
XAO:0004327
eriksegerdell
A muscle that is part of the eye region and controls the movement of the eye.
UBERON:0004277
m. levator mandibulae longus internus
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. It separates medially from levator mandibulae longus supeficialis, with which it shares a common origin.
XAO:0004328
eriksegerdell
mlmli
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. It separates medially from levator mandibulae longus supeficialis, with which it shares a common origin.
PMID:17624928
m. levator mandibulae longus profundus
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. After separating from levator mandibulae longus superficialis, it parallels it and inserts in the connective tissue. Only at later stages, its rostral third is slightly curved laterally and inserts in the region of the anlage of the tentacular cartilage.
XAO:0004329
eriksegerdell
mlmlp
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. After separating from levator mandibulae longus superficialis, it parallels it and inserts in the connective tissue. Only at later stages, its rostral third is slightly curved laterally and inserts in the region of the anlage of the tentacular cartilage.
PMID:17624928
m. levator mandibulae longus superficialis
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. The first mandibular arch muscle to appear, it originates ventral to the center of the eye, and extends rostroventrally to end lateral to the buccal cavity.
XAO:0004330
eriksegerdell
mlmls
superior long mandibular levator muscle
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. The first mandibular arch muscle to appear, it originates ventral to the center of the eye, and extends rostroventrally to end lateral to the buccal cavity.
PMID:17624928
m. levator mandibulae articularis
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. It originates from the ventral bend of the anlage of processus muscularis palatoquadrati. It runs ventrally near the levator mandibulae longus supeficialis and inserts anterior of it at Meckel's cartilage.
XAO:0004331
articularis mandibular levator muscle
eriksegerdell
mlma
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. It originates from the ventral bend of the anlage of processus muscularis palatoquadrati. It runs ventrally near the levator mandibulae longus supeficialis and inserts anterior of it at Meckel's cartilage.
PMID:17624928
m. levator mandibulae externus
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. The last jaw levator to develop, it originates rostral to the palatoquadrate.
XAO:0004332
eriksegerdell
external mandibular levator muscle
mlme
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. The last jaw levator to develop, it originates rostral to the palatoquadrate.
PMID:17624928
m. intermandibularis
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
UBERON:0010931
Ventral muscle of the larval head that is a broad transverse sheet lying between the Meckel's cartilages and joining its opposite mid-ventrally in an median raphe.
XAO:0004333
eriksegerdell
intermandibular muscle
mim
Ventral muscle of the larval head that is a broad transverse sheet lying between the Meckel's cartilages and joining its opposite mid-ventrally in an median raphe.
http://jcs.biologists.org/content/s2-81/322/161
m. quadrato-hyoangularis
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Hyoid arch muscle that connects Meckel's cartilage with the palatoquadrate and supports the opening of the mouth by depressing Meckel's cartilage.
XAO:0004334
eriksegerdell
mqh
quadrato-hyoangularis muscle
Hyoid arch muscle that connects Meckel's cartilage with the palatoquadrate and supports the opening of the mouth by depressing Meckel's cartilage.
PMID:21050205
m. orbitohyoideus
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Large, tapering muscle that originates on the muscular process and inserts on the ceratohyal.
XAO:0004335
eriksegerdell
moh
orbitohyoidal muscle
ISBN:0226557626
Large, tapering muscle that originates on the muscular process and inserts on the ceratohyal.
m. interhyoideus
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
A thin curved muscle located between the ceratohyal cartilages.
AAO:0010649
XAO:0004336
eriksegerdell
interhyoidal muscle
mih
A thin curved muscle located between the ceratohyal cartilages.
PMID:21050205
m. subarcualis rectus I
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
AAO:0010659
Deep, visceral muscle associated with tongue movement.
XAO:0004337
eriksegerdell
msr
AAO:0010659
Deep, visceral muscle associated with tongue movement.
m. transversus anterior
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Muscle situated between the planum hypobranchiale and the basihyobranchial, presumably to stabilize the connection between these elements.
XAO:0004338
eriksegerdell
mta
Muscle situated between the planum hypobranchiale and the basihyobranchial, presumably to stabilize the connection between these elements.
PMID:17624928
m. transversus ventralis II
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Muscle that springs from the second branchial arch, meeting its opposite in a mid-ventral raphe.
XAO:0004339
eriksegerdell
mtvII
Muscle that springs from the second branchial arch, meeting its opposite in a mid-ventral raphe.
http://jcs.biologists.org/content/s2-81/322/161
mm. levator arcuum branchialium I
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
The 1st branchial levator muscle, which contribute to raising the branchial apparatus.
XAO:0004340
eriksegerdell
mlabI
The 1st branchial levator muscle, which contribute to raising the branchial apparatus.
XAO:EJS
mm. levator arcuum branchialium II
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
The 2nd branchial levator muscle, which contribute to raising the branchial apparatus.
XAO:0004341
eriksegerdell
mlabII
The 2nd branchial levator muscle, which contribute to raising the branchial apparatus.
XAO:EJS
mm. levator arcuum branchialium III
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
The 3rd branchial levator muscle, which contribute to raising the branchial apparatus.
XAO:0004342
eriksegerdell
mlabIII
The 3rd branchial levator muscle, which contribute to raising the branchial apparatus.
XAO:EJS
mm. levator arcuum branchialium IV
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
The 4th branchial levator muscle, which contribute to raising the branchial apparatus.
XAO:0004343
eriksegerdell
mlabIV
The 4th branchial levator muscle, which contribute to raising the branchial apparatus.
XAO:EJS
mm. constrictores branchiales II
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Muscle that arises on part of the chondrocranium and passes to the ventro-lateral region of the cerato-branchialia. It originates on the ventrolateral process of the palatoquadrate.
XAO:0004344
eriksegerdell
mcbII
Muscle that arises on part of the chondrocranium and passes to the ventro-lateral region of the cerato-branchialia. It originates on the ventrolateral process of the palatoquadrate.
http://jcs.biologists.org/content/s2-81/322/161
mm. constrictores branchiales III
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Muscle that arises on part of the chondrocranium and passes to the ventro-lateral region of the cerato-branchialia. It is located on the crista parotica and commissura branchio-cranialis.
XAO:0004345
eriksegerdell
mcbIII
Muscle that arises on part of the chondrocranium and passes to the ventro-lateral region of the cerato-branchialia. It is located on the crista parotica and commissura branchio-cranialis.
http://jcs.biologists.org/content/s2-81/322/161
mm. constrictores branchiales IV
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Muscle that arises on part of the chondrocranium and passes to the ventro-lateral region of the cerato-branchialia. It is a small muscle situated at the posterior end of the branchial skeleton.
XAO:0004346
eriksegerdell
mcbIV
Muscle that arises on part of the chondrocranium and passes to the ventro-lateral region of the cerato-branchialia. It is a small muscle situated at the posterior end of the branchial skeleton.
http://jcs.biologists.org/content/s2-81/322/161
m. geniohyoideus
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
AAO:0010655
Muscle that pulls the hyoid apparatus forward and depresses the lower jaw.
XAO:0004347
eriksegerdell
mgh
AAO:0010655
Muscle that pulls the hyoid apparatus forward and depresses the lower jaw.
m. rectus cervicis
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
AAO:0010654
Muscle that retracts the hyoid and, therefore, the tongue.
XAO:0004348
eriksegerdell
mrc
AAO:0010654
Muscle that retracts the hyoid and, therefore, the tongue.
m. constrictor laryngis
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Muscle that consists of dorsal and ventral parts that arise from medial raphe and insert on the arytenoid cartilages.
XAO:0004349
eriksegerdell
ISBN:0226557626
Muscle that consists of dorsal and ventral parts that arise from medial raphe and insert on the arytenoid cartilages.
m. dilatator laryngis
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
AAO:0010620
Muscle that arises from the edge of levator arcus branchialis IV and inserts on the arytenoid cartilage and the cricoid ring.
XAO:0004350
eriksegerdell
ISBN:0226557626
Muscle that arises from the edge of levator arcus branchialis IV and inserts on the arytenoid cartilage and the cricoid ring.
laryngeal muscle
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
LM
Type of muscle that attaches to the larynx.
XAO:0004351
eriksegerdell
Type of muscle that attaches to the larynx.
XAO:EJS
m. rectus anterior
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Muscle in the orbit that inserts on the anterior side of the eye and the function of which is adduction of the eyeball.
XAO:0004352
eriksegerdell
Muscle in the orbit that inserts on the anterior side of the eye and the function of which is adduction of the eyeball.
XAO:curator
m. rectus posterior
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Muscle in the orbit that inserts on the posterior side of the eye and the function of which is adduction of the eyeball.
XAO:0004353
eriksegerdell
Muscle in the orbit that inserts on the posterior side of the eye and the function of which is adduction of the eyeball.
XAO:curator
m. rectus inferior
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Muscle in the orbit that depresses, adducts, and helps extort (rotate laterally) the eye.
UBERON:0006322
XAO:0004354
eriksegerdell
Muscle in the orbit that depresses, adducts, and helps extort (rotate laterally) the eye.
UBERON:0006322
m. rectus superior
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Muscle in the orbit, the primary function is of which is elevation.
UBERON:0006323
XAO:0004355
eriksegerdell
Muscle in the orbit, the primary function is of which is elevation.
UBERON:0006323
m. obliquus inferior
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Thin, narrow muscle placed near the anterior margin of the floor of the orbit.
UBERON:0006320
XAO:0004356
eriksegerdell
Thin, narrow muscle placed near the anterior margin of the floor of the orbit.
UBERON:0006320
m. obliquus superior
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Muscle in the upper, medial side of the orbit whose primary action is downward, lateral rotation of the eye.
UBERON:0006321
XAO:0004357
eriksegerdell
Muscle in the upper, medial side of the orbit whose primary action is downward, lateral rotation of the eye.
UBERON:0006321
basihyal
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Cartilaginous element that is median and is the anterior-most cartilage of the ventral hyoid arch.
UBERON:0011615
XAO:0004358
XAO:0004382
basihyobranchial
bhb
eriksegerdell
Cartilaginous element that is median and is the anterior-most cartilage of the ventral hyoid arch.
UBERON:0011615
ceratobranchial I
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 1.
XAO:0004359
cbl-I
eriksegerdell
The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 1.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Ceratobranchial
ceratobranchial II
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 2.
XAO:0004360
cbl-II
eriksegerdell
The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 2.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Ceratobranchial
ceratobranchial III
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 3.
XAO:0004361
cbl-III
eriksegerdell
The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 3.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Ceratobranchial
ceratobranchial IV
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 4.
XAO:0004362
cbl-IV
eriksegerdell
The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 4.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Ceratobranchial
commisura quadratocranialis anterior
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Cartilaginous element comprising the rostral connection of the palatoquadrate cartilage to the neurocranium.
XAO:0004363
cqca
eriksegerdell
Cartilaginous element comprising the rostral connection of the palatoquadrate cartilage to the neurocranium.
PMID:21050205
cornuae trabeculae
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Cartilaginous element that supports the anterior end of the nasal organ.
XAO:0004364
ct
eriksegerdell
Cartilaginous element that supports the anterior end of the nasal organ.
ISBN:1276806469
fenestra basicranialis
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
The space where the trabeculae of the tadpole chondrocranium have not yet fused.
XAO:0004365
eriksegerdell
fbc
ISBN:0226557626
The space where the trabeculae of the tadpole chondrocranium have not yet fused.
facies hyoidis of the palatoquadrate
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
One of the cartilaginous surfaces of the tadpole jaw.
XAO:0004366
eriksegerdell
fhpq
One of the cartilaginous surfaces of the tadpole jaw.
XAO:curator
fenestra subocularis
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
The wide gap that separates the palatoquadrate from the neurocranium.
XAO:0004367
eriksegerdell
fso
ISBN:0226557626
The wide gap that separates the palatoquadrate from the neurocranium.
infrarostral
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
AAO:0000237
Cartilaginous element comprising cartilages that articulate with Meckel's cartilage in the lower jaw and are fused medially.
XAO:0004368
eriksegerdell
io
Cartilaginous element comprising cartilages that articulate with Meckel's cartilage in the lower jaw and are fused medially.
PMID:21050205
processus anterior hyalis
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Cartilaginous element comprising the anterior process of ceratohyal cartilage derived from the hyoid neural crest stream.
XAO:0004369
eriksegerdell
pach
Cartilaginous element comprising the anterior process of ceratohyal cartilage derived from the hyoid neural crest stream.
PMID:21050205
processus articularis palatoquadrati
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Cartilaginous element comprising the articular process that forms the jaw joint with the posterior end of Meckel's cartilage.
XAO:0004370
eriksegerdell
parpq
Cartilaginous element comprising the articular process that forms the jaw joint with the posterior end of Meckel's cartilage.
ISBN:0226557626
processus ascendens palatoquadrate
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Cartilaginous element comprising the ascending process that helps anchor the larval palatoquadrate to the neurocranium.
XAO:0004371
eriksegerdell
paspq
Cartilaginous element comprising the ascending process that helps anchor the larval palatoquadrate to the neurocranium.
ISBN:0226557626
parachordal
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Rod-shaped paired cartilages located on either side of the notochord and involved in the formation of the base of the chondrochranium.
UBERON:0009635
XAO:0004372
eriksegerdell
parachordal cartilage
pk
Rod-shaped paired cartilages located on either side of the notochord and involved in the formation of the base of the chondrochranium.
TAO:0001423
processus lateralis hyalis
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Cartilaginous element comprising the lateral process of ceratohyal cartilage derived from the hyoid neural crest stream.
XAO:0004373
eriksegerdell
plch
Cartilaginous element comprising the lateral process of ceratohyal cartilage derived from the hyoid neural crest stream.
PMID:21050205
planum hypobranchiale
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Cartilaginous elements that meet and articulate in the median plane posterior to the basibranchial.
XAO:0004374
XAO:0004383
eriksegerdell
plana hypobranchiale
plhb
plana hypobranchiale
Cartilaginous elements that meet and articulate in the median plane posterior to the basibranchial.
http://amphibiatree.org/node/407
planum trabeculare anticum
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Cartilaginous element that is posterior to the cornua trabeculae.
XAO:0004375
eriksegerdell
plta
Cartilaginous element that is posterior to the cornua trabeculae.
XAO:curator
processus muscularis palatoquadrati
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Cartilaginous element comprising the muscular process, a flattened triangular process that is the site of attachment for the orbitohyoideus and suspensoriohyoideus muscles.
XAO:0004376
eriksegerdell
pmpq
Cartilaginous element comprising the muscular process, a flattened triangular process that is the site of attachment for the orbitohyoideus and suspensoriohyoideus muscles.
ISBN:0226557626
processus posterior hyalis
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Cartilaginous element comprising the posterior process of ceratohyal cartilage derived from the hyoid neural crest stream.
XAO:0004377
eriksegerdell
ppch
Cartilaginous element comprising the posterior process of ceratohyal cartilage derived from the hyoid neural crest stream.
PMID:21050205
palatoquadrati
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Cartilaginous element comprising the dorsal component of the mandibular arch.
UBERON:0004752
XAO:0004378
eriksegerdell
palatoquadrate cartilage
pq
Cartilaginous element comprising the dorsal component of the mandibular arch.
UBERON:0004752
processus retroarticularis of Meckel's cartilage
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Cartilaginous element that forms at the posteroventral tip of Meckel's cartilage.
XAO:0004379
ZFA:0000422
eriksegerdell
prmc
Cartilaginous element that forms at the posteroventral tip of Meckel's cartilage.
ZFA:0000422
suprarostral plate
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Cartilaginous element that comprises a crescent-shaped plate that supports the tentacular cartilage in the upper jaw.
XAO:0004380
eriksegerdell
sp
Cartilaginous element that comprises a crescent-shaped plate that supports the tentacular cartilage in the upper jaw.
PMID:21050205
trabeculae cranii
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Cartilaginous element comprising a pair of chondrification centers in the base of the embryonic cartilaginous neurocranium.
XAO:0004381
eriksegerdell
tc
Cartilaginous element comprising a pair of chondrification centers in the base of the embryonic cartilaginous neurocranium.
http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=92818
peripheral vegetal yolk mass
2012-05-31T02:56:10Z
Peripherally located part of the vegetal cell mass of prospective endoderm.
XAO:0004384
eriksegerdell
peripheral vegetal cell mass
Peripherally located part of the vegetal cell mass of prospective endoderm.
XAO:EJS
branchial basket
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Cartilaginous element that comprises the network-like cartilaginous skeleton of the gill region.
UBERON:0009119
XAO:0004385
XAO:0004386
eriksegerdell
gill basket
Cartilaginous element that comprises the network-like cartilaginous skeleton of the gill region.
UBERON:0009119
CMZ stem cell region
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Region of the ciliary marginal zone, at the edge where retinal stem cells are located.
XAO:0004387
ciliary marginal zone stem cell region
eriksegerdell
PMID:7695895
Region of the ciliary marginal zone, at the edge where retinal stem cells are located.
CMZ progenitor cell region
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Region of the ciliary marginal zone where retinal progenitor cells are located.
XAO:0004388
ciliary marginal zone progenitor cell region
eriksegerdell
PMID:7695895
Region of the ciliary marginal zone where retinal progenitor cells are located.
oculomotor motornucleus
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
OM
The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III).
XAO:0004389
eriksegerdell
The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III).
XAO:EJS
dorsal thalamus
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
DT
The dorsal part of the thalamus.
XAO:0004390
eriksegerdell
The dorsal part of the thalamus.
XAO:EJS
trochlear motornucleus
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
TM
The nucleus of the trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV).
XAO:0004391
eriksegerdell
The nucleus of the trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV).
XAO:EJS
goblet cell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
A type of mucus surface cell in the tadpole.
XAO:0004392
eriksegerdell
goblet cells
A type of mucus surface cell in the tadpole.
ISBN:080184780X
goblet cells
mucociliary epithelium
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Type of epithelium in the embryonic epidermis that is mucus-secreting and ciliated.
XAO:0004393
eriksegerdell
Type of epithelium in the embryonic epidermis that is mucus-secreting and ciliated.
XAO:curator
hatching gland primordium
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
The presumptive cells of the hatching gland, present by the end of gastrulation.
XAO:0004394
eriksegerdell
The presumptive cells of the hatching gland, present by the end of gastrulation.
XAO:EJS
central vegetal yolk mass
2012-05-31T02:57:12Z
Centrally located part of the vegetal cell mass of prospective endoderm.
XAO:0004395
central vegetal cell mass
eriksegerdell
Centrally located part of the vegetal cell mass of prospective endoderm.
XAO:EJS
apical mesenchyme
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Regenerating tissue consisting of mesenchyme cells at the tip of the regenerating limb.
XAO:0004396
eriksegerdell
Regenerating tissue consisting of mesenchyme cells at the tip of the regenerating limb.
XAO:EJS
wound epidermis
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Regenerating tissue formed when upon amputation of a limb, the epidermal cells surrounding the amputation plane migrate to heal the wound.
XAO:0004397
apical wound epidermis
eriksegerdell
PMID:18030417
Regenerating tissue formed when upon amputation of a limb, the epidermal cells surrounding the amputation plane migrate to heal the wound.
wound epidermis inner layer
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Regenerating tissue that forms the inner or basal layer of wound epidermis.
XAO:0004398
eriksegerdell
Regenerating tissue that forms the inner or basal layer of wound epidermis.
XAO:EJS
wound epidermis outer layer
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Regenerating tissue that forms the outer layer of wound epidermis.
XAO:0004399
eriksegerdell
Regenerating tissue that forms the outer layer of wound epidermis.
XAO:EJS
regenerating zeugopod skeleton
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
A portion of zeugopod skeleton tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
XAO:0004400
eriksegerdell
A portion of zeugopod skeleton tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
XAO:curator
apical epithelial cap
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
AEC
Tissue, approximately 5-6 cells deep, that in regenerating limb buds forms distally, replacing the thinner wound epithelium.
XAO:0004401
eriksegerdell
PMID:18570684
Tissue, approximately 5-6 cells deep, that in regenerating limb buds forms distally, replacing the thinner wound epithelium.
pseudoblastema
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Following amputation in late prometamorphosis or in young froglets, tissue comprising fibroblast-like cells in a limb stump that aggregate beneath the wound epithelia.
XAO:0004402
eriksegerdell
Following amputation in late prometamorphosis or in young froglets, tissue comprising fibroblast-like cells in a limb stump that aggregate beneath the wound epithelia.
ISBN:3540228713
fibrocellular pad
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Regenerative tissue that develops and covers cut bone in the tadpole.
XAO:0004403
eriksegerdell
PMID:10906786
Regenerative tissue that develops and covers cut bone in the tadpole.
keratinocyte
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
The predominant cell type in the epidermis, the primary function of which is the formation of a barrier against environmental damage.
XAO:0004404
eriksegerdell
keratinocytes
The predominant cell type in the epidermis, the primary function of which is the formation of a barrier against environmental damage.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratinocyte
keratinocytes
Leydig cell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
A type of special epithelial cell that secretes mucus into the subsurface extracellular compartments of the epidermis.
Leydig cells
Leydig gland cell
XAO:0004405
eriksegerdell
A type of special epithelial cell that secretes mucus into the subsurface extracellular compartments of the epidermis.
ISBN:080184780X
Leydig cells
presumptive axial mesoderm
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Presumptive structure that will develop into axial mesoderm.
XAO:0004406
eriksegerdell
Presumptive structure that will develop into axial mesoderm.
XAO:EJS
proximal mesenchyme
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Mesenchyme that occupies the proximal region of a limb bud.
XAO:0004407
eriksegerdell
Mesenchyme that occupies the proximal region of a limb bud.
XAO:EJS
anterior-proximal mesenchyme
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Mesenchyme that occupies the anterior proximal region of a limb bud.
XAO:0004408
eriksegerdell
Mesenchyme that occupies the anterior proximal region of a limb bud.
XAO:EJS
posterior-proximal mesenchyme
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Mesenchyme that occupies the posterior proximal region of a limb bud.
XAO:0004409
eriksegerdell
Mesenchyme that occupies the posterior proximal region of a limb bud.
XAO:EJS
interdigital mesenchyme
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Mesenchyme that occupies the interdigital region of a limb bud.
XAO:0004410
eriksegerdell
Mesenchyme that occupies the interdigital region of a limb bud.
XAO:EJS
lateral line primordium
2012-05-31T08:03:05Z
Portion of tissue that migrates and deposits immature neuromasts and interneuromasts.
XAO:0004411
ZFA:0000228
eriksegerdell
Portion of tissue that migrates and deposits immature neuromasts and interneuromasts.
ZFA:0000228
hind digit 2
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
The 2nd digit of the foot.
UBERON:0003632
XAO:0004412
eriksegerdell
toe 2
toe II
The 2nd digit of the foot.
UBERON:0003632
hind digit 3
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
The 3rd digit of the foot.
UBERON:0003633
XAO:0004413
eriksegerdell
toe 3
toe III
The 3rd digit of the foot.
UBERON:0003633
hind digit 4
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
The 4th digit of the foot.
UBERON:0003634
XAO:0004414
eriksegerdell
toe 4
toe IV
The 4th digit of the foot.
UBERON:0003634
hind digit 5
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
The 5th digit of the foot.
UBERON:0003635
XAO:0004415
eriksegerdell
toe 5
toe V
The 5th digit of the foot.
UBERON:0003635
claw primordium
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Portion of tissue that will form any of the small, pointed keratinized appendages at the end of each of the toes of the hind limbs.
XAO:0004416
eriksegerdell
Portion of tissue that will form any of the small, pointed keratinized appendages at the end of each of the toes of the hind limbs.
XAO:EJS
claw of hind digit 1
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Claw located at the end of the 1st hind digit.
XAO:0004417
eriksegerdell
Claw located at the end of the 1st hind digit.
XAO:EJS
claw of hind digit 2
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Claw located at the end of the 2nd hind digit.
XAO:0004418
eriksegerdell
Claw located at the end of the 2nd hind digit.
XAO:EJS
claw of hind digit 3
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Claw located at the end of the 3rd hind digit.
XAO:0004419
eriksegerdell
Claw located at the end of the 3rd hind digit.
XAO:EJS
claw of hind digit 4
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Claw located at the end of the 4th hind digit.
XAO:0004420
eriksegerdell
Claw located at the end of the 4th hind digit.
XAO:EJS
claw of hind digit 5
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Claw located at the end of the 5th hind digit.
XAO:0004421
eriksegerdell
Claw located at the end of the 5th hind digit.
XAO:EJS
posterior lateral line ganglion
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
Ganglion that develops from a cranial ectodermal placode and contains sensory neurons that innervate the posterior lateral line system.
XAO:0004422
eriksegerdell
posterior lateral line ganglia
posterior lateral line ganglia
Ganglion that develops from a cranial ectodermal placode and contains sensory neurons that innervate the posterior lateral line system.
ZFA:0001314
trunk vasculature
2012-05-26T05:47:10Z
The blood vessels of the trunk region.
UBERON:0002201
XAO:0004423
eriksegerdell
The blood vessels of the trunk region.
XAO:EJS
central retina
2012-07-01T02:33:21Z
Anatomical region comprising the central part of the retina.
XAO:0004424
eriksegerdell
Anatomical region comprising the central part of the retina.
XAO:EJS
m. levator mandibulae longus internus primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae longus internus muscle.
XAO:0004425
eriksegerdell
mlmli
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae longus internus muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. levator mandibulae longus profundus primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae longus profundus muscle.
XAO:0004426
eriksegerdell
mlmlp
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae longus profundus muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. levator mandibulae longus superior primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae longus superior muscle.
XAO:0004427
eriksegerdell
mlmls
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae longus superior muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. levator mandibulae articularis primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae articularis muscle.
XAO:0004428
eriksegerdell
mlma
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae articularis muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. levator mandibulae externus primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae externus muscle.
XAO:0004429
eriksegerdell
mlme
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae externus muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. intermandibularis primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the intermandibularis muscle.
XAO:0004430
eriksegerdell
mim
The presumptive cells of the intermandibularis muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. quadrato-hyoangularis primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the quadrato-hyoangularis muscle.
XAO:0004431
eriksegerdell
mqh
The presumptive cells of the quadrato-hyoangularis muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. orbitohyoideus primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the orbitohyoideus muscle.
XAO:0004432
eriksegerdell
moh
The presumptive cells of the orbitohyoideus muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. interhyoideus primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the interhyoideus muscle.
XAO:0004433
eriksegerdell
mih
The presumptive cells of the interhyoideus muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. subarcualis rectus I primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the subarcualis rectus I muscle.
XAO:0004434
eriksegerdell
msr
The presumptive cells of the subarcualis rectus I muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. transversus anterior primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the transversus anterior muscle.
XAO:0004435
eriksegerdell
mta
The presumptive cells of the transversus anterior muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. transversus ventralis II primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the transversus ventralis II muscle.
XAO:0004436
eriksegerdell
mtvII
The presumptive cells of the transversus ventralis II muscle.
XAO:EJS
mm. levator arcuum branchialium I primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium I muscles.
XAO:0004437
eriksegerdell
mlabI
The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium I muscles.
XAO:EJS
mm. levator arcuum branchialium II primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium II muscles.
XAO:0004438
eriksegerdell
mlabII
The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium II muscles.
XAO:EJS
mm. levator arcuum branchialium III primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium III muscles.
XAO:0004439
eriksegerdell
mlabIII
The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium III muscles.
XAO:EJS
mm. levator arcuum branchialium IV primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium IV muscles.
XAO:0004440
eriksegerdell
mlabIV
The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium IV muscles.
XAO:EJS
mm. constrictores branchiales II primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the constrictores branchiales II muscles.
XAO:0004441
eriksegerdell
mcbII
The presumptive cells of the constrictores branchiales II muscles.
XAO:EJS
mm. constrictores branchiales III primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the constrictores branchiales III muscles.
XAO:0004442
eriksegerdell
mcbIII
The presumptive cells of the constrictores branchiales III muscles.
XAO:EJS
mm. constrictores branchiales IV primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the constrictores branchiales IV muscles.
XAO:0004443
eriksegerdell
mcbIV
The presumptive cells of the constrictores branchiales IV muscles.
XAO:EJS
m. geniohyoideus primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the geniohyoideus muscle.
XAO:0004444
eriksegerdell
mgh
The presumptive cells of the geniohyoideus muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. rectus cervicis primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the rectus cervicis muscle.
XAO:0004445
eriksegerdell
mrc
The presumptive cells of the rectus cervicis muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. constrictor laryngis primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the constrictor laryngis muscle.
XAO:0004446
eriksegerdell
The presumptive cells of the constrictor laryngis muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. dilatator laryngis primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the dilatator laryngis muscle.
XAO:0004447
eriksegerdell
The presumptive cells of the dilatator laryngis muscle.
XAO:EJS
laryngeal muscle primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of laryngeal muscle.
XAO:0004448
eriksegerdell
The presumptive cells of laryngeal muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. rectus anterior primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the rectus anterior muscle.
XAO:0004449
eriksegerdell
The presumptive cells of the rectus anterior muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. rectus posterior primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the rectus posterior muscle.
XAO:0004450
eriksegerdell
The presumptive cells of the rectus posterior muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. rectus inferior primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the rectus inferior muscle.
XAO:0004451
eriksegerdell
The presumptive cells of the rectus inferior muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. rectus superior primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the rectus superior muscle.
XAO:0004452
eriksegerdell
The presumptive cells of the rectus superior muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. obliquus inferior primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the obliquus inferior muscle.
XAO:0004453
eriksegerdell
The presumptive cells of the obliquus inferior muscle.
XAO:EJS
m. obliquus superior primordium
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
The presumptive cells of the obliquus superior muscle.
XAO:0004454
eriksegerdell
The presumptive cells of the obliquus superior muscle.
XAO:EJS
cranial muscle primordium
2012-05-30T10:00:01Z
The presumptive cells of any of the cranial muscles.
XAO:0004455
eriksegerdell
The presumptive cells of any of the cranial muscles.
XAO:EJS
Brachet's cleft
2012-05-31T11:43:41Z
A sharp boundary, running parallel to the outside of the embryo, between involuted mesoderm and external ectoderm. It runs from the blastopore to the upper limit of the involuted mesoderm.
Brachy's cleft
XAO:0004456
eriksegerdell
A sharp boundary, running parallel to the outside of the embryo, between involuted mesoderm and external ectoderm. It runs from the blastopore to the upper limit of the involuted mesoderm.
PMID:21464931
lateral line ganglion
2012-05-31T08:16:22Z
Ganglion that develops from a cranial ectodermal placode and contains sensory neurons that innervate a lateral line.
XAO:0004457
eriksegerdell
lateral line ganglia
lateral line ganglia
Ganglion that develops from a cranial ectodermal placode and contains sensory neurons that innervate a lateral line.
ZFA:0000120
peripheral retina
2012-07-01T02:33:47Z
Anatomical region comprising the peripheral part of the retina.
XAO:0004458
eriksegerdell
Anatomical region comprising the peripheral part of the retina.
XAO:EJS
subocular cartilage
2012-09-09T03:24:03Z
Cartilaginous element that is below the trabecula and parachordal.
XAO:0004459
eriksegerdell
Cartilaginous element that is below the trabecula and parachordal.
XAO:curator
choroid
2012-09-09T03:31:52Z
Portion of tissue comprising the vascular layer of the eye, lying between the retina and sclera.
UBERON:0001776
XAO:0004460
eriksegerdell
Portion of tissue comprising the vascular layer of the eye, lying between the retina and sclera.
WIKI:Choroid
circumpharyngeal ridge
2012-09-09T03:40:23Z
Site above the branchial arch complex where vagal neural crest cells temporarily arrest their migration before entering the pharyngeal arches and heart.
XAO:0004461
eriksegerdell
Site above the branchial arch complex where vagal neural crest cells temporarily arrest their migration before entering the pharyngeal arches and heart.
XAO:curator
dorsal endoderm
2012-09-09T03:50:45Z
Single cell layer of involuted endoderm lying beneath the prechordal plate.
XAO:0004462
eriksegerdell
Single cell layer of involuted endoderm lying beneath the prechordal plate.
XAO:curator
pharyngeal endoderm
2012-09-09T04:08:58Z
Embryonic endoderm that evaginates to form the paired pharyngeal pouches.
UBERON:0007690
XAO:0004463
eriksegerdell
Embryonic endoderm that evaginates to form the paired pharyngeal pouches.
XAO:curator
rhombomere R1
2012-09-09T04:24:23Z
The most anterior segment of the developing hindbrain.
UBERON:0005499
XAO:0004464
eriksegerdell
r1
rhombomere 1
The most anterior segment of the developing hindbrain.
XAO:curator
endolymphatic duct
2012-09-09T04:31:49Z
Canal that connects the membranous labyrinth of the ear with the endolymphatic sac.
UBERON:0001860
XAO:0004465
eriksegerdell
Canal that connects the membranous labyrinth of the ear with the endolymphatic sac.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/endolymphatic+duct
serous membrane
2012-09-18T03:32:10Z
Multi-tissue structure that comprises a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer.
UBERON:0000042
XAO:0004466
eriksegerdell
serosa
Multi-tissue structure that comprises a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer.
WIKI:Serous_membrane
zygote cortex
2012-09-18T03:50:25Z
Cell component comprising the outer layers of the zygote.
XAO:0004467
eriksegerdell
Cell component comprising the outer layers of the zygote.
XAO:EJS
organ cortex
2012-09-18T03:51:06Z
Multi-tissue structure that is the outermost layer of an organ.
UBERON:0001851
XAO:0004468
eriksegerdell
Multi-tissue structure that is the outermost layer of an organ.
UBERON:0001851
Xenopus developmental stage
XAO:1000000
xenopus_developmental_stage
NF stage 1
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 1; age 0 hr; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: One cell stage, shortly after fertilization. Pigmentation darker ventrally than dorsally. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
XAO:1000001
ZFS:0000001
xenopus_developmental_stage
zygote
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 1; age 0 hr; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: One cell stage, shortly after fertilization. Pigmentation darker ventrally than dorsally. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
early tailbud
The stages from Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 22 to stage 28.
XAO:1000002
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
The stages from Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 22 to stage 28.
blastula
The stages from 64-cell embryo to Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 9, during which the solid morula acquires an internal cavity.
XAO:1000003
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0471209627
ISBN:0815318960
The stages from 64-cell embryo to Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 9, during which the solid morula acquires an internal cavity.
cleavage
The stages from 2-cell to 64-cell embryo, during which the zygote undergoes synchronous divisions into 2, 4, 8, 16, etc. blastomeres.
XAO:1000004
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0471209627
ISBN:0815318960
The stages from 2-cell to 64-cell embryo, during which the zygote undergoes synchronous divisions into 2, 4, 8, 16, etc. blastomeres.
gastrula
The stages from Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 10 to stage 12.5, during which gastrulation takes place, with a proportion of cells migrating below the surface of the embryo to form two inner layers (endoderm and mesoderm) and the cells which remain outside spreading over the whole surface of the embryo to form the ectoderm.
XAO:1000005
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0471209627
ISBN:0815318960
The stages from Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 10 to stage 12.5, during which gastrulation takes place, with a proportion of cells migrating below the surface of the embryo to form two inner layers (endoderm and mesoderm) and the cells which remain outside spreading over the whole surface of the embryo to form the ectoderm.
neurula
The stages from Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 13 to stage 21, during which the future nervous system appears as a thickened plate in dorsal ectoderm, the plate then rolling up at its sides to form a tube.
XAO:1000006
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0471209627
ISBN:0815318960
The stages from Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 13 to stage 21, during which the future nervous system appears as a thickened plate in dorsal ectoderm, the plate then rolling up at its sides to form a tube.
tailbud stage
Any of the developmental stages from Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 20 to stage 44 (feeding), including the beginning of hatching (NF stage 35/36).
XAO:1000007
xenopus_developmental_stage
Any of the developmental stages from Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 20 to stage 44 (feeding), including the beginning of hatching (NF stage 35/36).
ISBN:0815318960
tadpole
The stages from feeding to the end of metamorphosis. Encompasses Weisz's first-form tadpole (equivalent to NF stages 45 to 49), second-form tadpole (NF 49 to 56) and third-form tadpole (NF 56 to 60-plus) stages.
XAO:1000008
larva
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0471209627
ISSN:0003-276X
The stages from feeding to the end of metamorphosis. Encompasses Weisz's first-form tadpole (equivalent to NF stages 45 to 49), second-form tadpole (NF 49 to 56) and third-form tadpole (NF 56 to 60-plus) stages.
frog
XAO:1000009
true
xenopus_developmental_stage
juvenile frog
The stage of being a sexually immature post-tadpole animal.
XAO:1000010
xenopus_developmental_stage
The stage of being a sexually immature post-tadpole animal.
XAO:curator
NF stage 2 (2-cell)
2-cell stage
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 2; age 1 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Advanced two cell stage. First cleavage groove has reached vegetal pole. Ventral side of blastomeres darker than dorsal side. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
XAO:1000011
ZFS:0000002
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 2; age 1 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Advanced two cell stage. First cleavage groove has reached vegetal pole. Ventral side of blastomeres darker than dorsal side. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
embryonic stage
Any of the developmental stages from fertilization to feeding.
XAO:1000012
xenopus_developmental_stage
Any of the developmental stages from fertilization to feeding.
XAO:curator
NF stage 3 (4-cell)
4-cell stage
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 3; age 2 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Advanced four-cell stage. Second cleavage groove has reached vegetal pole. In animal view dorsal blastomeres usually smaller than ventral ones; the latter darker than the former. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
XAO:1000013
ZFS:0000003
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 3; age 2 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Advanced four-cell stage. Second cleavage groove has reached vegetal pole. In animal view dorsal blastomeres usually smaller than ventral ones; the latter darker than the former. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
NF stage 4 (8-cell)
8-cell stage
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 4; age 2 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Advanced eight cell stage. Dorsal micro- and macromeres usually smaller than ventral ones; dorsal micromeres less pigmented than ventral ones. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
XAO:1000014
ZFS:0000004
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 4; age 2 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Advanced eight cell stage. Dorsal micro- and macromeres usually smaller than ventral ones; dorsal micromeres less pigmented than ventral ones. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
NF stage 5 (16-cell)
16-cell stage
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 5; age 2 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Advanced sixteen cell stage. Dorsal micromeres distinctly smaller and less pigmented than ventral ones. Macromeres entirely separated by cleavage grooves. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
XAO:1000015
ZFS:0000005
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 5; age 2 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Advanced sixteen cell stage. Dorsal micromeres distinctly smaller and less pigmented than ventral ones. Macromeres entirely separated by cleavage grooves. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
NF stage 6 (32-cell)
32-cell stage
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 6; age 3 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Advanced thirty-two cell stage. Distinction between dorsal and ventral micromeres as in preceding stage. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
XAO:1000016
ZFS:0000006
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 6; age 3 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Advanced thirty-two cell stage. Distinction between dorsal and ventral micromeres as in preceding stage. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
NF stage 7
64-cell stage
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 7, 64-cell embryo; age 4 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Large-cell blastula stage. In animal view about 10 micromeres along meridian. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
XAO:1000017
ZFS:0000007
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 7, 64-cell embryo; age 4 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Large-cell blastula stage. In animal view about 10 micromeres along meridian. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
NF stage 8
128-cell stage
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 8, 128-cell embryo; age 5 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Medium-cell blastula stage. Surface not yet entirely smooth. Border of animal pigment cap more diffuse at dorsal than at lateral and ventral sides. Gradual transition in cell size from animal to vegetative pole. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
XAO:1000018
ZFS:0000008
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 8, 128-cell embryo; age 5 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Medium-cell blastula stage. Surface not yet entirely smooth. Border of animal pigment cap more diffuse at dorsal than at lateral and ventral sides. Gradual transition in cell size from animal to vegetative pole. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
NF stage 9
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 9; age 7 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Fine-cell blastula stage. Animal cells smaller at dorsal than at ventral side. Border between marginal zone and vegetative field distinct, particularly dorsally, owing to difference in cell size. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
XAO:1000019
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 9; age 7 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Fine-cell blastula stage. Animal cells smaller at dorsal than at ventral side. Border between marginal zone and vegetative field distinct, particularly dorsally, owing to difference in cell size. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
NF stage 10
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 10; age 9 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Initial gastrula stage. First indication of blastopore only by pigment concentration. No formation of groove. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
XAO:1000020
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 10; age 9 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Initial gastrula stage. First indication of blastopore only by pigment concentration. No formation of groove. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
NF stage 11
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 11; age 11 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Horse-shoe-shaped blastopore stage. Blastopore groove surrounding about half of future yolk plug and indicated at its ventral side; future yolk plug often rounded rectangular, slightly elongated in dorso-ventral direction, diameter more than two-fifths of diameter of egg (plus or minus 50 degrees of circumference). Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
XAO:1000021
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 11; age 11 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Horse-shoe-shaped blastopore stage. Blastopore groove surrounding about half of future yolk plug and indicated at its ventral side; future yolk plug often rounded rectangular, slightly elongated in dorso-ventral direction, diameter more than two-fifths of diameter of egg (plus or minus 50 degrees of circumference). Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
NF stage 12
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 12; age 13 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Medium yolk plug stage. Yolk plug circular; diameter somewhat less than one fourth of diameter of egg (plus or minus 25 degrees). More and less pigmented fields radiating from yolk plug. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
XAO:1000022
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 12; age 13 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Medium yolk plug stage. Yolk plug circular; diameter somewhat less than one fourth of diameter of egg (plus or minus 25 degrees). More and less pigmented fields radiating from yolk plug. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
NF stage 13
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 13; age 14 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Slit-blastopore stage. Neural plate faintly delimited; slight elevation of its rostral part and slight flattening of its caudal part. Caudal part of median groove formed. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
XAO:1000023
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 13; age 14 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Slit-blastopore stage. Neural plate faintly delimited; slight elevation of its rostral part and slight flattening of its caudal part. Caudal part of median groove formed. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
NF stage 14
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 14; age 16 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Neural plate stage. Cerebral part of neural plate bent downwards, with median elevation at rostral end of median groove. Initial elevation of neural folds, most pronounced in future nucal region. Blastopore always slit-shaped. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
XAO:1000024
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 14; age 16 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Neural plate stage. Cerebral part of neural plate bent downwards, with median elevation at rostral end of median groove. Initial elevation of neural folds, most pronounced in future nucal region. Blastopore always slit-shaped. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
NF stage 15
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 15; age 17 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Early neural fold stage. Presumptive cement gland faintly circumscribed. Anterior part of neural plate roundish. Neural folds distinct, except medio-rostrally; initial formation of sharp inner ridges on neural folds in rhombencephalic region. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
XAO:1000025
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 15; age 17 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Early neural fold stage. Presumptive cement gland faintly circumscribed. Anterior part of neural plate roundish. Neural folds distinct, except medio-rostrally; initial formation of sharp inner ridges on neural folds in rhombencephalic region. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
NF stage 16
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 16; age 18 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Mid neural fold stage. Anterior part of neural plate rectangular; darkly pigmented eye anlagen present; neural plate sharply constricted in the middle. Inner ridges on neural folds forming angle of about 90 degrees with neural plate in rhombencephalic region. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
XAO:1000026
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 16; age 18 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Mid neural fold stage. Anterior part of neural plate rectangular; darkly pigmented eye anlagen present; neural plate sharply constricted in the middle. Inner ridges on neural folds forming angle of about 90 degrees with neural plate in rhombencephalic region. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
NF stage 17
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 17; age 18 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Late neural fold stage. Anterior part of neural plate oblong triangular, angles formed by eye anlagen. Neural folds approaching each other from blastopore up to anterior trunk region. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
XAO:1000027
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 17; age 18 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Late neural fold stage. Anterior part of neural plate oblong triangular, angles formed by eye anlagen. Neural folds approaching each other from blastopore up to anterior trunk region. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
NF stage 2-
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 2-; age 1 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Beginning of first cleavage. First cleavage groove has not yet reached vegetal pole. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
XAO:1000028
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 2-; age 1 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Beginning of first cleavage. First cleavage groove has not yet reached vegetal pole. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
NF stage 6.5
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 6.5; age 3 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Morula stage. About 48 blastomeres. In animal view about 6 micromeres along meridian. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
XAO:1000029
morula
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
morula
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 6.5; age 3 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Morula stage. About 48 blastomeres. In animal view about 6 micromeres along meridian. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
NF stage 10.25
NF stage 10+
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 10.25; age 10 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Early gastrula stage. First formation of dorsal blastopore groove; the groove is still straight. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
XAO:1000030
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 10.25; age 10 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Early gastrula stage. First formation of dorsal blastopore groove; the groove is still straight. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
NF stage 10.5
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 10.5; age 11 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Crescent-shaped blastopore stage. Blastopore groove angular. Vegetal field slightly decreased in size, ventral border of future yolk plug indicated by pigment contraction. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
XAO:1000031
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 10.5; age 11 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Crescent-shaped blastopore stage. Blastopore groove angular. Vegetal field slightly decreased in size, ventral border of future yolk plug indicated by pigment contraction. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
NF stage 11.5
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 11.5; age 12 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Large yolk plug stage. Blastopore groove closed ventrally; yolk plug not yet quite circular. At ventral side concentrated superficial pigment still visible. Diameter of yolk plug about a third of diameter of egg (plus or minus 40 degrees). Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
XAO:1000032
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 11.5; age 12 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Large yolk plug stage. Blastopore groove closed ventrally; yolk plug not yet quite circular. At ventral side concentrated superficial pigment still visible. Diameter of yolk plug about a third of diameter of egg (plus or minus 40 degrees). Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
NF stage 12.5
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 12.5; age 14 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Small yolk plug stage. Future position of neural plate and median groove indicated by darker pigment lines. Yolk plug usually ovoid, variable in size. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
XAO:1000033
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 12.5; age 14 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Small yolk plug stage. Future position of neural plate and median groove indicated by darker pigment lines. Yolk plug usually ovoid, variable in size. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
NF stage 18
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 18; age 19 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Neural groove stage. Anterior part of neural plate narrow, more or less club-shaped, often narrower towards rostral end. Parallel neural folds in trunk region very close to each other, not yet touching. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
XAO:1000034
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 18; age 19 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Neural groove stage. Anterior part of neural plate narrow, more or less club-shaped, often narrower towards rostral end. Parallel neural folds in trunk region very close to each other, not yet touching. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
NF stage 19
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 19; age 20 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Initial neural tube stage. Neural folds touching each other, except for inconstant openings at anterior and posterior end and behind nucal region. Considerable lateral extension of brain. Lateral outline of embryo still convex. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
XAO:1000035
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 19; age 20 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Initial neural tube stage. Neural folds touching each other, except for inconstant openings at anterior and posterior end and behind nucal region. Considerable lateral extension of brain. Lateral outline of embryo still convex. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
NF stage 20
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 20; age 21 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Neural folds fused, suture still present. The two eye anlagen showing through dumb-bell-shaped, eyes hardly protruding. Beginning of stretching of embryos. Lateral outline flat. Length: 1.7 - 1.8 mm.
XAO:1000036
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 20; age 21 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Neural folds fused, suture still present. The two eye anlagen showing through dumb-bell-shaped, eyes hardly protruding. Beginning of stretching of embryos. Lateral outline flat. Length: 1.7 - 1.8 mm.
NF stage 21
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 21; age 22 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Suture of neural tube completely closed. Delimitation of frontal field by pigment lines. Primary eye vesicles showing through in the form of two separate, obliquely placed oval spots; beginning of protrusion of eyes. Lateral outline of embryo just becoming concave, ventral outline flat. Length: 1.9 - 2.0 mm.
XAO:1000037
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 21; age 22 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Suture of neural tube completely closed. Delimitation of frontal field by pigment lines. Primary eye vesicles showing through in the form of two separate, obliquely placed oval spots; beginning of protrusion of eyes. Lateral outline of embryo just becoming concave, ventral outline flat. Length: 1.9 - 2.0 mm.
NF stage 22
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 22; age 24 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Distinct protrusion of eyes. Initial groove between jaw- and gill-areas only at latero-dorsal side. Lateral and ventral outlines of embryo slightly concave. Anal opening displaced to ventral side. Vitelline membrane becoming wider. Length: 2.0 - 2.2 mm.
XAO:1000038
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 22; age 24 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Distinct protrusion of eyes. Initial groove between jaw- and gill-areas only at latero-dorsal side. Lateral and ventral outlines of embryo slightly concave. Anal opening displaced to ventral side. Vitelline membrane becoming wider. Length: 2.0 - 2.2 mm.
NF stage 23
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 23; age 1 day, 45 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Jaw- and gill-areas completely separated by groove. Ventral outline of embryo more concave. Length: 2.2 - 2.4 mm.
XAO:1000039
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 23; age 1 day, 45 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Jaw- and gill-areas completely separated by groove. Ventral outline of embryo more concave. Length: 2.2 - 2.4 mm.
NF stage 24
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 24; age 1 day, 2 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Eyes protruding less far laterally than gill-area. Gill-area more prominent than jaw-area, gill-area not yet grooved. Ventral outline of embryo nicked. Tail bud discernible. Initial motor reactions to external stimulation. Length: 2.5 - 2.7 mm.
XAO:1000040
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 24; age 1 day, 2 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Eyes protruding less far laterally than gill-area. Gill-area more prominent than jaw-area, gill-area not yet grooved. Ventral outline of embryo nicked. Tail bud discernible. Initial motor reactions to external stimulation. Length: 2.5 - 2.7 mm.
NF stage 25
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 25; age 1 day, 3 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Eyes protruding equally far or further laterally than gill-area. Gill-area grooved. Invagination of otic vesicle indicated by pigment spot. Beginning of fin formation. Length: 2.8 - 3.0 mm.
XAO:1000041
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 25; age 1 day, 3 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Eyes protruding equally far or further laterally than gill-area. Gill-area grooved. Invagination of otic vesicle indicated by pigment spot. Beginning of fin formation. Length: 2.8 - 3.0 mm.
NF stage 26
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 26; age 1 day, 5 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: otic vesicle protruding. Pronephros distinctly visible. Myotomes showing through for the first time. Fin somewhat broadened at dorso-caudal end of body. Beginning of spontaneous movements. Length: 3.0 - 3.3 mm.
XAO:1000042
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 26; age 1 day, 5 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: otic vesicle protruding. Pronephros distinctly visible. Myotomes showing through for the first time. Fin somewhat broadened at dorso-caudal end of body. Beginning of spontaneous movements. Length: 3.0 - 3.3 mm.
NF stage 27
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 27; age 1 day, 7 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Lateral flattening of eyes. Fin transluscent, except for region behind anus. Tail bud formation accentuated in lateral outline. Length: 3.4 - 3.7 mm.
XAO:1000043
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 27; age 1 day, 7 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Lateral flattening of eyes. Fin transluscent, except for region behind anus. Tail bud formation accentuated in lateral outline. Length: 3.4 - 3.7 mm.
NF stage 28
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 28; age 1 day, 8 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Fin extending up to anus. Fin broadened and distinctly divided into outer transparent and inner translucent band. Length: 3.8 - 4.0 mm.
XAO:1000044
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 28; age 1 day, 8 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Fin extending up to anus. Fin broadened and distinctly divided into outer transparent and inner translucent band. Length: 3.8 - 4.0 mm.
NF stage 29 and 30
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 29 and 30; age 1 day, 11 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Gray eye cup showing through for the first time. Fin transparent up to the base over its whole length. Tail bud distinct. Length: 4.0 - 4.5 mm.
XAO:1000045
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 29 and 30; age 1 day, 11 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Gray eye cup showing through for the first time. Fin transparent up to the base over its whole length. Tail bud distinct. Length: 4.0 - 4.5 mm.
NF stage 31
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 31; age 1 day, 13 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Tail bud equally long as broad. Length: 4.2 - 4.8 mm.
XAO:1000046
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 31; age 1 day, 13 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Tail bud equally long as broad. Length: 4.2 - 4.8 mm.
NF stage 32
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 32; age 1 day, 16 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Eye cup horse-shoe-shaped, standing out distinctly. Length of tail bud about 1.5 times its breadth. Length: 4.5 - 5.1 mm.
XAO:1000047
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 32; age 1 day, 16 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Eye cup horse-shoe-shaped, standing out distinctly. Length of tail bud about 1.5 times its breadth. Length: 4.5 - 5.1 mm.
NF stage 33 and 34
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 33 and 34; age 1 day, 20 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Stomodeal invagination a shallow vertical groove. Dorsal part of eye more pigmented than ventral part; distinct melanophores in dorsal part. Melanophores appearing dorsally on the head and laterally in a row extending from just below the pronephros backwards. Length of tail bud about twice its breadth. Beginning of heart beat. Length: 4.7 - 5.3 mm.
XAO:1000048
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 33 and 34; age 1 day, 20 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Stomodeal invagination a shallow vertical groove. Dorsal part of eye more pigmented than ventral part; distinct melanophores in dorsal part. Melanophores appearing dorsally on the head and laterally in a row extending from just below the pronephros backwards. Length of tail bud about twice its breadth. Beginning of heart beat. Length: 4.7 - 5.3 mm.
NF stage 35 and 36
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 35 and 36; age 2 days, 2 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Stomodeal invagination roundish. Eye entirely black, choroid fissure nearly closed. Formation of two gill rudiments, anterior one nipple-shaped. Melanophores appearing on back. Posterior outline of proctodeum still curved. Length of tail bud about three times its breadth. Beginning of hatching. Length: 5.3 - 6.0 mm.
XAO:1000049
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 35 and 36; age 2 days, 2 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Stomodeal invagination roundish. Eye entirely black, choroid fissure nearly closed. Formation of two gill rudiments, anterior one nipple-shaped. Melanophores appearing on back. Posterior outline of proctodeum still curved. Length of tail bud about three times its breadth. Beginning of hatching. Length: 5.3 - 6.0 mm.
NF stage 37 and 38
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 37 and 38; age 2 days, 5 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Stomodeal invagination much deeper, opening round. Both gill rudiments nipple-shaped, a branch of the anterior one indicated. Posterior outline of proctodeum straight, forming very obtuse angle with ventral border of tail myotomes. Melanophores spreading over tail. Length: 5.6 - 6.2 mm.
XAO:1000050
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 37 and 38; age 2 days, 5 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Stomodeal invagination much deeper, opening round. Both gill rudiments nipple-shaped, a branch of the anterior one indicated. Posterior outline of proctodeum straight, forming very obtuse angle with ventral border of tail myotomes. Melanophores spreading over tail. Length: 5.6 - 6.2 mm.
NF stage 39
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 39; age 2 days, 8 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Melanophores appearing around nasal pits. Opening of stomodeal invagination transversely elongated. Melanophores on back arranged in a superficial and a deeper layer. Outlines of proctodeum and tail myotomes forming angle of about 135 degrees. Melanophores appearing along ventral edge of tail musculature. Length: 5.9 - 6.5 mm.
XAO:1000051
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 39; age 2 days, 8 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Melanophores appearing around nasal pits. Opening of stomodeal invagination transversely elongated. Melanophores on back arranged in a superficial and a deeper layer. Outlines of proctodeum and tail myotomes forming angle of about 135 degrees. Melanophores appearing along ventral edge of tail musculature. Length: 5.9 - 6.5 mm.
NF stage 40
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 40; age 2 days, 18 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Mouth broken through. Length of gills about twice their breadth, posterior one sometimes also showing a branch. Outlines of proctodeum and tail myotomes forming angles of 90 degrees. Beginning of blood circulation in gills. Length: 6.3 - 6.8 mm.
XAO:1000052
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 40; age 2 days, 18 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Mouth broken through. Length of gills about twice their breadth, posterior one sometimes also showing a branch. Outlines of proctodeum and tail myotomes forming angles of 90 degrees. Beginning of blood circulation in gills. Length: 6.3 - 6.8 mm.
NF stage 41
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 41; age 3 days, 4 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Gills broader and flatter, more laterally directed. Formation of a left-rostral and a right-caudal furrow in yolk mass; torsion of interjacent part about 45 degrees; formation of conical proctodeum, forming angle of about 60 degrees with tail myotomes. Formation of fin rostral to proctodeum; ventral outline of yolk mass and proctodeum a smooth concave line. Length: 6.7 - 7.5 mm.
XAO:1000053
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 41; age 3 days, 4 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Gills broader and flatter, more laterally directed. Formation of a left-rostral and a right-caudal furrow in yolk mass; torsion of interjacent part about 45 degrees; formation of conical proctodeum, forming angle of about 60 degrees with tail myotomes. Formation of fin rostral to proctodeum; ventral outline of yolk mass and proctodeum a smooth concave line. Length: 6.7 - 7.5 mm.
NF stage 42
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 42; age 3 days, 8 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Beginning of formation of opercular folds. Torsion of intestine about 90 degrees; proctodeum connected with yolk mass by short horizontal intestinal tube. Length: 7.0 - 7.7 mm.
XAO:1000054
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 42; age 3 days, 8 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Beginning of formation of opercular folds. Torsion of intestine about 90 degrees; proctodeum connected with yolk mass by short horizontal intestinal tube. Length: 7.0 - 7.7 mm.
NF stage 43
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 43; age 3 days, 15 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Lateral line system becoming visible externally. Cement gland losing its pigment. Torsion of intestine about 180 degrees; proctodeum narrower, arched or S-shaped. Length: 7.5 - 8.3 mm.
XAO:1000055
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 43; age 3 days, 15 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Lateral line system becoming visible externally. Cement gland losing its pigment. Torsion of intestine about 180 degrees; proctodeum narrower, arched or S-shaped. Length: 7.5 - 8.3 mm.
NF stage 44
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 44; age 3 days, 20 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Appearance of tentacle rudiments. Opercular folds protruding further. Coiling part of intestine showing S-shaped loop; torsion about 360 degrees. Blood-circulation in gills usually ceased (gills smaller). Length: 7.8 - 8.5 mm.
XAO:1000056
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 44; age 3 days, 20 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Appearance of tentacle rudiments. Opercular folds protruding further. Coiling part of intestine showing S-shaped loop; torsion about 360 degrees. Blood-circulation in gills usually ceased (gills smaller). Length: 7.8 - 8.5 mm.
NF stage 45
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 45; age 4 days, 2 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Operculum partly covering gills, edge still straight. Intestine spiralized in ventral aspects, showing 1.5 revolutions. Beginning of feeding. Length: 8 - 10 mm.
XAO:1000057
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 45; age 4 days, 2 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Operculum partly covering gills, edge still straight. Intestine spiralized in ventral aspects, showing 1.5 revolutions. Beginning of feeding. Length: 8 - 10 mm.
NF stage 46
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 46; age 4 days, 10 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Edge of operculum becoming convex. Xantophores appearing on eye and abdomen. Intestine showing 2 to 2.5 revolutions. Hindlimb bud visible for the first time. Length: 9 - 12 mm.
XAO:1000058
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 46; age 4 days, 10 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Edge of operculum becoming convex. Xantophores appearing on eye and abdomen. Intestine showing 2 to 2.5 revolutions. Hindlimb bud visible for the first time. Length: 9 - 12 mm.
NF stage 47
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 47; age 5 days, 12 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Tentacles larger. Edge of operculum forming quarter of a circle. Xantophores forming opaque layer on abdomen. Intestine showing 2.5 to 3.5 revolutions. Hindlimb bud more distinct. Length: 12 - 15 mm.
XAO:1000059
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 47; age 5 days, 12 hr at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Tentacles larger. Edge of operculum forming quarter of a circle. Xantophores forming opaque layer on abdomen. Intestine showing 2.5 to 3.5 revolutions. Hindlimb bud more distinct. Length: 12 - 15 mm.
NF stage 48
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 48; age 7.5 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Beginning of pigmentation around n. acusticus. Forelimb bud visible for the first time. Shining gold-coloured abdomen. Hindlimb bud semicircular in lateral aspect. Length: 14 - 17 mm.
XAO:1000060
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 48; age 7.5 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Beginning of pigmentation around n. acusticus. Forelimb bud visible for the first time. Shining gold-coloured abdomen. Hindlimb bud semicircular in lateral aspect. Length: 14 - 17 mm.
NF stage 49
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 49; age about 12 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Melanophores usually appearing around thymus gland and nerves and blood vessels of head; xantophores appearing on pericard. Forelimb bud distinct. Hindlimb bud somewhat longer, distal outline still circular, no constrictions at base. Melanophores appearing on dorsal and ventral fin. Length: 17 - 23 mm.
XAO:1000061
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 49; age about 12 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Melanophores usually appearing around thymus gland and nerves and blood vessels of head; xantophores appearing on pericard. Forelimb bud distinct. Hindlimb bud somewhat longer, distal outline still circular, no constrictions at base. Melanophores appearing on dorsal and ventral fin. Length: 17 - 23 mm.
NF stage 50
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 50; age about 15 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Forelimb bud somewhat oval-shaped in dorsal aspect. Hindlimb bud longer than broad, constricted at base, distal outline somewhat conical. Length: 20 - 27 mm.
XAO:1000062
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 50; age about 15 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Forelimb bud somewhat oval-shaped in dorsal aspect. Hindlimb bud longer than broad, constricted at base, distal outline somewhat conical. Length: 20 - 27 mm.
NF stage 51
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 51; age about 17 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Tentacles much longer. Forelimb bud oval-shaped in lateral aspect. Hindlimb bud conical in shape, its length about 1.5 times its breadth; melanophores appearing on it. Length: 28 - 36 mm.
XAO:1000063
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 51; age about 17 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Tentacles much longer. Forelimb bud oval-shaped in lateral aspect. Hindlimb bud conical in shape, its length about 1.5 times its breadth; melanophores appearing on it. Length: 28 - 36 mm.
NF stage 52
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 52; age about 21 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Forelimb bud irregularly conical. Hindlimb bud showing first indication of ankle constriction and first sign of flattening of foot. Length: 42 - 56 mm.
XAO:1000064
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 52; age about 21 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Forelimb bud irregularly conical. Hindlimb bud showing first indication of ankle constriction and first sign of flattening of foot. Length: 42 - 56 mm.
NF stage 53
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 53; age about 24 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Fore- and hindlimbs in paddle stage. Hindlimb whithout foot somewhat longer than broad; 4th and 5th toe indicated. Length: 50 - 60 mm.
XAO:1000065
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 53; age about 24 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Fore- and hindlimbs in paddle stage. Hindlimb whithout foot somewhat longer than broad; 4th and 5th toe indicated. Length: 50 - 60 mm.
NF stage 54
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 54; age about 26 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: All four fingers indicated; edge of hand slightly scalloped between fingers; melanophores appearing on forelimb. Length of hindlimb without foot nearly twice its breadth; all five toes indicated, the second only very slightly. Length: 58 - 65 mm.
XAO:1000066
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 54; age about 26 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: All four fingers indicated; edge of hand slightly scalloped between fingers; melanophores appearing on forelimb. Length of hindlimb without foot nearly twice its breadth; all five toes indicated, the second only very slightly. Length: 58 - 65 mm.
NF stage 55
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 55; age about 32 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Hand pronated about 90 degrees; free parts of fingers about equally long as broad. Length of hindlimb without foot about 3 times its breadth; length of cartilages of 4th and 5th toe about 4 times their breadth. Length: 70 - 80 mm.
XAO:1000067
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 55; age about 32 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Hand pronated about 90 degrees; free parts of fingers about equally long as broad. Length of hindlimb without foot about 3 times its breadth; length of cartilages of 4th and 5th toe about 4 times their breadth. Length: 70 - 80 mm.
NF stage 56
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 56; age about 38 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Elbow and wrist clearly indicated; length of free parts of fingers 3 to 4 times their breadth. Length of cartilages of 4th and 5th toe about 6 times their breadth. Length: 70 - 100 mm.
XAO:1000068
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 56; age about 38 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Elbow and wrist clearly indicated; length of free parts of fingers 3 to 4 times their breadth. Length of cartilages of 4th and 5th toe about 6 times their breadth. Length: 70 - 100 mm.
NF stage 57
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 57; age about 41 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Pigment-free spot appearing above \"Stirnorgan\". Angle of elbow more than 90 degrees; fingers stretched out in forelimb atrium, their length about 7 times their breadth. Length: 75 - 105 mm.
XAO:1000069
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 57; age about 41 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Pigment-free spot appearing above \"Stirnorgan\". Angle of elbow more than 90 degrees; fingers stretched out in forelimb atrium, their length about 7 times their breadth. Length: 75 - 105 mm.
NF stage 58
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 58; age about 44 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Forelimbs broken through. Guanophores appearing on abdomen and thighs (adult skin areas). All three claws present on hindlimbs. Length: 80 - 110 mm.
XAO:1000070
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 58; age about 44 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Forelimbs broken through. Guanophores appearing on abdomen and thighs (adult skin areas). All three claws present on hindlimbs. Length: 80 - 110 mm.
NF stage 59
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 59; age about 45 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Tentacles beginning to shrivel up. Stretched forelimb reaching down to base of hindlimb. Guanophores appearing near base of forelimb (adult skin area); anterior border of adult skin area on abdomen not yet sharp; appearance of irregular dark spots on back.
XAO:1000071
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 59; age about 45 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Tentacles beginning to shrivel up. Stretched forelimb reaching down to base of hindlimb. Guanophores appearing near base of forelimb (adult skin area); anterior border of adult skin area on abdomen not yet sharp; appearance of irregular dark spots on back.
NF stage 60
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 60; age about 46 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: N. olfactorius still longer than bulbus olfactorius. Guanophores appearing on lower jaw (adult skin area). Openings of gill chambers still wide. Distal half of fingers of stretched forelimb extending beyond base of hindlimb; forelimb still situated behind level of heart. Adult skin area of base of forelimb covered with guanophores; anterior border of adult skin area on abdomen sharper, reaching up to heart.
XAO:1000072
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 60; age about 46 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: N. olfactorius still longer than bulbus olfactorius. Guanophores appearing on lower jaw (adult skin area). Openings of gill chambers still wide. Distal half of fingers of stretched forelimb extending beyond base of hindlimb; forelimb still situated behind level of heart. Adult skin area of base of forelimb covered with guanophores; anterior border of adult skin area on abdomen sharper, reaching up to heart.
NF stage 61
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 61; age about 48 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Head narrower. Tentacles considerably shortened, mostly curved backwards. Length of n. olfactorius equal to diameter of bulbus olfactorius. 4th arterial arch seen just in front of adult skin area of forelimb. Openings of gill chambers considerably narrowed. Forelimb at level of posterior half of heart. Adult skin area on abdomen covering posterior half of heart. Fins considerably reduced.
XAO:1000073
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 61; age about 48 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Head narrower. Tentacles considerably shortened, mostly curved backwards. Length of n. olfactorius equal to diameter of bulbus olfactorius. 4th arterial arch seen just in front of adult skin area of forelimb. Openings of gill chambers considerably narrowed. Forelimb at level of posterior half of heart. Adult skin area on abdomen covering posterior half of heart. Fins considerably reduced.
NF stage 62
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 62; age about 49 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Head still somewhat broader than cranial part of trunk. Tentacles short, straight. N. olfactorius shorter than diameter of bulbus olfactorius. Corner of mouth still in front of eye. Thymus gland somewhat protruding. 3rd arterial arch (\"larval aorta\") seen at distance of its own diameter in front of adult skin area of forelimb. Opening of operculum reduced to curved slit. Forelimb at level of middle of heart. Anterior border of adult skin area on abdomen entirely sharp, mostly nicked medially. Ventral fin disappeared from abdomen.
XAO:1000074
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 62; age about 49 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Head still somewhat broader than cranial part of trunk. Tentacles short, straight. N. olfactorius shorter than diameter of bulbus olfactorius. Corner of mouth still in front of eye. Thymus gland somewhat protruding. 3rd arterial arch (\"larval aorta\") seen at distance of its own diameter in front of adult skin area of forelimb. Opening of operculum reduced to curved slit. Forelimb at level of middle of heart. Anterior border of adult skin area on abdomen entirely sharp, mostly nicked medially. Ventral fin disappeared from abdomen.
NF stage 63
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 63; age about 51 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Head narrower than trunk. Tentacles mostly disappeared. Corner of mouth at level of caudal border of eye. \"Larval aorta\" and thymus gland no longer externally visible. Operculum closed. Adult skin areas on abdomen and lower jaw separated by narrow band of larval skin. Forelimb at level of anterior half of heart. Fin mostly perforated near anus. Tail still slightly longer than body.
XAO:1000075
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 63; age about 51 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Head narrower than trunk. Tentacles mostly disappeared. Corner of mouth at level of caudal border of eye. \"Larval aorta\" and thymus gland no longer externally visible. Operculum closed. Adult skin areas on abdomen and lower jaw separated by narrow band of larval skin. Forelimb at level of anterior half of heart. Fin mostly perforated near anus. Tail still slightly longer than body.
NF stage 64
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 64; age about 53 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Corner of mouth well behind eye. Various adult skin areas joined almost everywhere, borderlines still clearly visible. Length of tail (from anus) is a third of body length.
XAO:1000076
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 64; age about 53 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Corner of mouth well behind eye. Various adult skin areas joined almost everywhere, borderlines still clearly visible. Length of tail (from anus) is a third of body length.
NF stage 65
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 65; age about 54 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Borderlines between adult skin areas partly disappeared. Tail oblong triangular in dorsal aspect, length abouth one tenth of body length.
XAO:1000077
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 65; age about 54 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Borderlines between adult skin areas partly disappeared. Tail oblong triangular in dorsal aspect, length abouth one tenth of body length.
NF stage 66
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 66; age about 58 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Border lines between adult skin areas disappeared. Tail only a very small triangle, no longer visible from ventral side.
XAO:1000078
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 66; age about 58 days at 22-24 Celsius; corresponding to the following external morphological criteria: Border lines between adult skin areas disappeared. Tail only a very small triangle, no longer visible from ventral side.
metamorphosing tadpole
The stages from Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 54 to stage 66.
XAO:1000079
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
The stages from Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 54 to stage 66.
late tailbud
The stages from Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 29/30 to stage 44.
XAO:1000080
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0815318960
The stages from Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 29/30 to stage 44.
unspecified stage
If an anatomical term has a starts_during or ends_during relationship to this stage term, this information is either unknown or has not yet been curated.
XAO:1000081
xenopus_developmental_stage
unfertilized egg
Any of the developmental stages corresponding to the developing and mature female germ cells.
XAO:1000082
xenopus_developmental_stage
Any of the developmental stages corresponding to the developing and mature female germ cells.
XAO:EJS
oocyte stage I
2011-09-09T02:23:46Z
Developmental stage corresponding to the developing female gamete of the pre-vitellogenic stage.
XAO:1000083
lab
xenopus_developmental_stage
Developmental stage corresponding to the developing female gamete of the pre-vitellogenic stage.
XAO:EJS
oocyte stage II
2011-09-09T02:24:37Z
Developmental stage corresponding to the developing female gamete of the early vitellogenic stage.
XAO:1000084
lab
xenopus_developmental_stage
Developmental stage corresponding to the developing female gamete of the early vitellogenic stage.
XAO:EJS
oocyte stage III
2011-09-09T02:24:56Z
Developmental stage corresponding to the developing female gamete of the mid-vitellogenic stage.
XAO:1000085
lab
xenopus_developmental_stage
Developmental stage corresponding to the developing female gamete of the mid-vitellogenic stage.
XAO:EJS
oocyte stage IV
2011-09-09T02:25:13Z
Developmental stage corresponding to establishment of polarization along the animal-vegetal axis in the developing female gamete.
XAO:1000086
lab
xenopus_developmental_stage
Developmental stage corresponding to establishment of polarization along the animal-vegetal axis in the developing female gamete.
XAO:EJS
oocyte stage V
2011-09-09T02:25:43Z
Developmental stage corresponding to the developing female gamete of the late-vitellogenic stage.
XAO:1000087
lab
xenopus_developmental_stage
Developmental stage corresponding to the developing female gamete of the late-vitellogenic stage.
XAO:EJS
oocyte stage VI
2011-09-09T02:26:43Z
Developmental stage corresponding to the fully grown female gamete.
XAO:1000088
lab
xenopus_developmental_stage
Developmental stage corresponding to the fully grown female gamete.
XAO:EJS
premetamorphosis
The period during which limb bud growth occurs, covering Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 45 to stage 54.
XAO:1000089
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0124554032
The period during which limb bud growth occurs, covering Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 45 to stage 54.
prometamorphosis
The period during which toe differentiation and rapid hind limb growth continue, covering Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 55 to stage 57.
XAO:1000090
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0124554032
The period during which toe differentiation and rapid hind limb growth continue, covering Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 55 to stage 57.
climax
The period during which tail resorption occurs, covering Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 58 to stage 66.
XAO:1000091
xenopus_developmental_stage
ISBN:0124554032
The period during which tail resorption occurs, covering Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 58 to stage 66.
mature egg
2011-09-09T02:32:08Z
Developmental stage corresponding to the mature female germ cell.
XAO:1000092
lab
xenopus_developmental_stage
Developmental stage corresponding to the mature female germ cell.
XAO:EJS
adult frog
2011-09-19T01:53:23Z
The stage of being a fully formed animal.
XAO:1000093
lab
xenopus_developmental_stage
The stage of being a fully formed animal.
XAO:curator
2012-10-22